1
Q
List and define the five sources of disease
A
- Case - Host suffering with symptoms
- Carrier - Asymptomatic host
- Contact - Exposure to pathogen and possible contraction
- Convalescent - Host recovering but still infective
- Corpse - Dead/decaying host but still infective
2
Q
What are the three categories of Medical Force Protection?
A
- Physical
- Chemical
- Biological
3
Q
List five functional areas of Environmental Health in the Army
A
- Vector and pest control
- Op sanitation and waste disposal
- Environmental monitoring
- Occ health and safety
- Food hygiene and safety
4
Q
Who is available to provide Environmental Health advice at the 1st line of support?
A
- Unit Medial Staff
- Combat Health Advisor
- Combat Health Duties
5
Q
State and outline the two main categories of disease
A
- Communicable - Spread by micro-organisms. Transmitted from an infected person/animal/insect directly/indirectly
- Non-communicable - Disease which cannot be spread from an infected person/animal/insect. Climatic illness, physical injury, cancers.
6
Q
State the two roles of Health Combat Duties
A
- Pest/vector control
* OP sanitation
7
Q
List the roles and responsibilities of Medical personnel in providing EH advice at the 1st line of support
A
- Policy and procedure
- Monitoring and investigation
- Education and training
8
Q
Using the hypothetical three link chain of infection, name four routes of disease
A
- Ingestion
- Airborne
- Arthropods
- Contact
9
Q
Who is the target in the hypothetical three link chain of infection?
A
A healthy but susceptible target
10
Q
State two roles of a Combat Health Advisor
A
- Identify hazards
- Supervise CHD
- To advise CoC
11
Q
Define health
A
A complete state of physical, mental and social wellbeing not merely the absence of disease
12
Q
Define disease
A
A state of departure from positive health whether that be mental or physical
13
Q
State three military impacts of communicable disease
A
- Use of manpower
- Use of limited resources
- Unit mission failure
14
Q
Under population at risk, who could be taken into to consideration when calculating the risk during the health risk matrix assessment?
A
- Locally employed civilians
- Civilian population
- Friendly forces
- POW/detainees
15
Q
What is the definition of a DNBI?
A
A person who is not a battle casualty, but is lost to the organisation bu reason of disease or injury
16
Q
What are the fives steps involved in the Health Risk Managment process?
A
- Hazard identification
- Population at risk
- Risk assessment
- Risk management
- Monitoring activities
17
Q
What are the three categories of Medical Force Protection hazards?
A
- Physical
- Chemical
- Biological
18
Q
List four entry points that organisms can enter the body
A
- Mouth
- Nose
- Ear
- Genitals
19
Q
List three ingestion borne diseases of military importance
A
- Worms
- Typhoid
- Polio
20
Q
List five functional areas of Environmental Health in the military
A
- Water/food
- Pest control
- Occupational health
- Health and safety
- Environmental monitoring
21
Q
List four ways in which contamination of food/water may occur
A
- Incorrect storage
- Water contamination
- Poor personal hygiene
- Rodent infestation
22
Q
Who is available for EH advice at the 4th line of support?
A
- INM
- RAFCAM
- DMA
- Commander Field Army Medical Support Branch
23
Q
List three examples of auditing and surveillance that can be used in the health risk management process
A
- FMed 85
- EpiNATO
- EH reports
24
Q
List three examples of hazards/threats that are classified as an external threat to a military force
A
- Climate
- Wildlife
- Disease
25
List three examples of hazards/threats that are classified as an internal threat to a military force
* Disease
* Waste management
* Rodents/pests
26
What are the principles of risk management?
* Remove hazard
| * Reduce risk
27
Name and describe the five sources of communicable disease
* Case - Suffering with symptoms
* Carrier - Asymptomatic
* Contact - Inanimate objects (folimites)
* Convalescent - Recovering but still infective
* Corpse - Dead but still infective
28
In order, list the six principles of water purification
* Selection of source
* Clarification
* Disinfection
* Contact period
* Test
* De-taste
29
State the five ways in which the target can be protected from an airborne disease
* Health education
* Immunisation/vaccination
* Prevention of exposure
* Good personal hygiene
* Good communal hygiene
30
List and outline the two methods of vector borne disease transmission
* Biological - Insect bites infected mammal, pathogen multiplies, insect bites healthy mammal and spreads disease
* Mechanical - Arthropod carries pathogen on the outside of its body, pathogen deposits onto food/skin, pathogens become ingested and cause disease
31
What form is used for the notification of infectious disease and whom must it be sent to?
FMed 85, sent to SO2 Health Protection and Local Proper Officer Authority
32
List two methods that can be employed to disinfect water and give an example of each
* Physical - Boiling water
| * Chemical - Fixed dose clorination
33
List three occasions when the contact period for water disinfection will be increased from 15 to 30 minutes
* If the water is below 5 degrees
* If schistosomiasis is suspected
* if there is now lovibond checkit
34
List the three main categories of control measures at the route of the arthropod diseases
* Physical
* Chemical
* Biological
35
Name five diseases associated with contaminated water
* Worms
* Infectious hepatitis
* Leptospirosis
* Dysentery
* Cholera
36
Describe five actions that must be carried out by a unit Medical CoC specifically in relation to an ingestion disease outbreak
* Collect specimens
* Conduct a camp inspection
* Conduct interviews with cases using correct questions
* identify common factors
* Initiate immediate control measures
37
When carrying out a recce on a water source how far and in what direction would you check?
2km upstream
38
You have identified that there has been a steady increase in the number of airborne diseases being diagnosed within your unit. List four ways in which the spread of airborne diseases around the environment can be prevented
* Health education
* Personal hygiene
* Communal hygiene
* Isolation of cases
39
When controlling vectors, list two examples of actions that can be taken to modify the environment to make it less hospitable for vectors
* Limit breeding areas
| * Practice good waste management
40
Define the term fomite and provide an example
An inanimate object such as a table
41
Your unit CoC Suspects that the authorised water source has become contaminated and has decided to select a new water source. Describe the two types of impurities that you should be aware of when advising the CoC on the suitability of a new water source. Provide two examples of each
* Suspended impurities - Leaves and twigs, sediment
| * Dissolved impurities - Heavy metals, toxic waste
42
State four reasons why you would investigate a disease outbreak
* Identify threats and hazards
* Evaluate implementation and effectiveness of control measures
* Gain general control
* Evaluate training and policies
43
List four arthropod borne diseases
* Malaria
* Yellow fever
* Relapsing fever
* Lyme disease
44
State three advantages of incinerating/burning waste
* Can dispose of more waste
* Attracts less rodents/insects
* Easier to compact
45
If the units stored water reserves fails the fifth principle of field water purification, what actions should be carried out to correct the problem?
* Add half the original dose of calcium hypochlorite
* Allow further contact period
* Re-test - Repeat a maximum of two times
46
What is the purpose of clarifying water?
To remove larger particles to enable to chemicals wo work more effectively
47
Which joint service publications refer to the following force health protection policies?
* Climatic injuries prevention policy
* Communicable disease policy
* JSP 950
| * JSP 539
48
What is the name of the chemicals used for the disinfection and de-tasting of bulk water purification?
* Chlorine
| * Sodium thiosulphate pentahydrate
49
At a semi-permanent camp, give two examples of a waste disposal method for urine,soil, sullage and refuse
* Urine - Funnel urinal and soakage pit
* Soil - Deep trench latrine
* Sullage - Evaporation pans
* Refuse - Oil drum incinerator
50
When carrying out a recce on a water source how far and in what direction would you check?
2km upstream
51
How long does it take the average person to partially and fully acclimatise?
* Partially - 8days
| * Fully - 15days or longer
52
What are the signs and symptoms of a generalised cold injury?
* Casualty may say they are cold
* Cold to touch
* Loss of dexterity
* Cyanosis
* Mild confusion
53
What are the three main items of personal protective equipment you would wear when handling clinical waste?
* Gloves
* Mask/face shield
* Apron
54
List three general prevention measures and control measures that can be employed at the source of ingestion bone disease
* Treatment
* Health education
* Disinfection
55
What is the purpose of purifying water?
To prevent disease by removing disease causing organisms, therefore maintaining working effectiveness
56
Name five diseases associated with contaminated water
* Worms
* Infectious hepatitis
* Leptospirosis
* Dysentery
* Cholera
57
Name two methods of clarifying water
* Filtration
| * Sedimentation
58
State three advantages of incinerating/burning waste
* Reduces mass
* Reduces rodent/pest presence
* Allows more waste to be disposed of
59
When would an FMed 85 need to be completed?
When presented with a notifiable disease
60
List three devices used for incinerating refuse in a semi-permanent camp
* Oil drum incinerator
* Inclined plane incinerator
* Semi enclosed incinerator
61
Name two methods of clinical waste disposal
* Bagging
| * Boxing in sharps boxes
62
What are the two types of insecticide used in the military?
* Compression sprayer
| * Swingfog
63
Define outbreak
A sudden occurrence of something unwelcome, such as war or disease
64
Define USSR
* Urine
* Soil
* Sullage
* refuse
65
List the three different categories of cold illness/injury and give an example of each
* Generalised cold injury
* Localised cold injury
* Non-freezing cold injury
66
Prior to any activity which may involve a risk of heat related illness, what risk factors should a commander consider when trying to reduce the risk?
* Max work rate
* Duration of activity
* Individual risk factor
* Casualty response
* Prep education
* Environmental conditions
67
Stage four advantages of good waste management
* Reduces attractiveness to pests/rodents
* Reduces the mass of waste
* Creates a cleaner living site
* Reduces risk of disease
68
List the four stages of a disease investigation
* Preliminary phase
* Communication
* Confirm notification
* Control measures
Environmental Health
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