ELBOW

Question 1

3 synovial joints within the synovial joint capsule

Answer 1

humeroulnar
humeralradial
proximal radioulnar

Question 2

the elbow responds ____ to trauma and improper ____ and injury to on part does what?

Answer 2

• poorly
• treatment
• affects the other parts as well

Question 3

the medial condyles and epicondyles are common origin of?

the lateral condyles and epicondyles are common origin of?

Answer 3

• flexor tendon

- extensor tendon

Question 4

3 fossae of the elbow joint

Answer 4

coronoid, radial and olecranon

Question 5

osteokinematics of the radius and ulna on the humerus

Answer 5

swing

Question 6

flexion of the humeroulnar joint is limited by (2)

- and it requires sufficient length of ? (4)

Answer 6

• coronoid process abutting coronoid fossa OR by soft tissue approx
  1. posterior capsule
  2. posterior fibers of UCL
  3. ulnar nerve
  4. elbow extensors

Question 7

extension of humeroulnar joint is limited by?

- and it requires sufficient length of? (3)

Answer 7

• olecranon process abutting olecranon fossa
  1. anterior capsule
  2. anterior fibers of UCL
  3. elbow flexors

Question 8

what is the cubital angle a measure of?
ad what is it on average?
why does this happen?

Answer 8

carrying angle

• when in anatomical potion the forearm deviates laterally in relation to the humerus
• -> 15 degrees
• -> greater in females
• b/c the medial trochlea extends more distally

Question 9

the head of the radius spins under what ligament?

ring around the head of the radius

Answer 9

annular

Question 10

does the middle radioulnar joint limit pronation and supination?

Answer 10

NO

Question 11

with what movements is the biceps brachii active and with what movements is it not?

Answer 11

• little to no activity of biceps brachii in slow elbow flexion with forearm pronated, but active with a load
• always active in flexion with supination with or w/o a load

Question 12

what is the more active muscle for supination

Answer 12

biceps brachii> supinator

Question 13

with the elbow at 90 degrees the biceps are about ___ times more effective than supinator.
and with elbow fully extended?

Answer 13

• 4 times

- 2 times

Question 14

when is it possible to have only supinator active and not biceps

Answer 14

fully extended, slow supination without resistance

Question 15

is the supinator effectiveness affected by the elbow angle

Answer 15

no

Question 16

why cant muscles be classified classified as synergists or antagonists

Answer 16

because they can only b labeled like that for specific movements, changes depending on movement requirements

Question 17

can you still simultaneously flex the elbow and supinate the forearm if the musculocutaneous nerve is paralyzed

Answer 17

yes still have supinator and brachioradialis that have different nerve supply

Question 18

what makes the boarders of the anatomical snuff box?

Answer 18

• Anterior (closest to palm): abductor pollicis longus & extensor pollicis brevis
• Posterior: extensor pollicis longus
• Proximal- radial styloid process
• Floor- scaphoid; trapezium, and base of 1st MC

Question 19

most commonly fractured and most frequently dislocated carpal bone

Answer 19

• scaphoid

- lunate

Question 20

what gets compressed with ulnar deviation

Answer 20

TFCC

Question 21

what does the TFCC have?

Answer 21

a mensiscus!

Question 22

mid carpel joints accounts for HOW much of radial and ulnar deviation

Answer 22

• half the radial deviation

- 1/3 of the ulnar deviation

Question 23

wrist flexion is more at the what joint?

and wrist extension more motion occurs at

Answer 23

• radiocarpal joint

- midcarpel joint

Question 24

maximum wrist extension occurs with fingers ___

maximum wrist flexion occurs with fingers___

Answer 24

• flexed

- open (extended)

Question 25

the palmar carpal ligament maintains the ?

Answer 25

transverse carpal arch

Question 26

the palmar carpal ligament makes the roof of the carpal tunnel and covers the?

Answer 26

- median nerve, tendons of flexor pollics longus, flexor digitorum superficialis, and flexor digitorm profundus in synovial sheaths

Question 27

2 functions of extensor reticulum

Answer 27

1. 'bowstringing' of the extensor tendons with wrist extension 2. synovial tendon reducing friction b/w the tendons and ones and retinaculum

Question 28

the extensor reticulum is continuous with?

Answer 28

the palmar carpal ligament

Question 29

what is the most variable muscle in the body

Answer 29

palmaris longus

Question 30

what muscle is absent in ~ 8% of ppl and additional 4 % are missing?

Answer 30

palmaris longus | - left or right

Question 31

extensors are generally innervated by what nerve? | and flexors? except?

Answer 31

- extensors: radial nerve - flexor: medial nerve except the flexor carpi radialus longus is radial nerve

Question 32

what joints are important movements for hand function in relation to transverse arch of the hand from a closed fist to the open hand

Answer 32

carpometacarpal 2-5

Question 33

the 1st carpometacarpal joint is a common site for?

Answer 33

OA (arthritis)

Question 34

what ligaments attach to the head of of the metacarpals and the bases of the phalanges?

Answer 34

meidal and lateral collateral ligaments

Question 35

the digital tendons fo the extensor muscles and the many intrinsic muscles terminate in the ?

Answer 35

- extensor expansion hood

Question 36

what muscles make up the outcropper muscles and whose tendons make the anatomical snuff box

Answer 36

abductor pollicis longus extensor pollicis longus extensor pollicis brevis

Question 37

how many fingers do you test a time for flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus

Answer 37

one

Question 38

when grasping what muscles contract? | contraction of what is proportional to the strength of grasp?

Answer 38

- wrist flexors and extensors | - wrist extensors

Question 39

when you extend your fingers, what do your flexors do?

Answer 39

stabilize the wrist from extending

Question 40

what are the most palmar intrinsic muscles of the hand

Answer 40

four lumbricals

Question 41

what is the bunnel littler test

Answer 41

lumbrical vs PIP joint tightness

Question 42

how do you stretch your lumbricals?

Answer 42

extend your MCP and flex your IP joints

Question 43

what are the 4 muscles of the thenar group and their innervation

Answer 43

1. Adductor Pollicis (Ulnar n) 2.Abductor Pollicis Brevis (Median n) 3. Opponens Pollicis (Median and Ulnar n) 4. Flexor Pollicis Brevis (Median and Ulnar n)

Question 44

what muscles make up the hypothenar group

Answer 44

Abductor Digiti Minimi Flexor Digiti Minimi Opponens Digit Minim

Question 45

is the first metacarpal bone of thumb bound to other metacarpals by ligaments?

Answer 45

no

Question 46

how many muscles move the thumb

Answer 46

9

Question 47

name the 4 extrinsic muscles of the thumb and 5 intrinsic

Answer 47

Intrinsic (thenar): Abductor Pollicis Brevis Adductor Pollicis First Dorsal Interosseous Flexor Pollicis Brevis Opponens Pollicis Extrinsic: Abductor Pollicis Longus Extensor Pollicis Brevis Extensor Pollicis Longus Flexor Pollicis Longus

Question 48

Radial Nerve innervates what muscles? (13)

Answer 48

triceps, anconeus, brachioradialis, brachilais, supinator, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum, extensor pollicis longus and brevis, extensor digit mimimi, extensor indices, abductor pollicis longus

Question 49

Ulnar nerve innervates what muscles? (11)

Answer 49

flexor carpi ulnaris, medial 2 lumbricals and Flexor digitorum profundus, hypothenar muscles (flexor digiti mimi, opponens digiti minimi, abductor digiti minimi), flexor pollicis brevis, palmar and dorsal interossei, adductor pollicis, opponens pollicis,

Question 50

Median nerve innervates (10)

Answer 50

- Pronators, - flexor carpi radialis - flexor digitorum superficialis, - flexor digitorum profundus (lateral 2) - lateral 2 lumbricals, - thenar muscles (flexor pollicis longus, flexor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis)