Elbow & Forearm

Question 1

What are the important proximal anatomical parts of the humerus?

Answer 1

• Head of humerus
• Greater tuberosity
• Lesser tuberosity
• Neck (anatomical & surgical)
• Deltoid tuberosity

Question 2

What are the important distal anatomical parts of the humerus?

Answer 2

• Medial epicondyle
• Lateral epicondyle
• Trochlea
• Capitulum
• Radial fossa
• Coronoid fossa
• Olecranon fossa

Question 3

What are the important anatomical parts of the ulna?

Answer 3

• Olecranon
• Trochlear notch
• Coronoid process
• Radial notch
• Ulnar tuberosity
• Styloid process

Question 4

What are the important anatomical parts of the radius?

Answer 4

• Head of the radius
• Neck of radius
• Radial tuberosity
• Styloid process

Question 5

What are the 3 joints at the elbow?

Answer 5

Ulnohumeral joint
Radio humeral joint
Proximal radioulnar joint

Question 6

What are parts of the elbow joint capsule?

Answer 6

Synovial sheath/fluid
Synovial lining
Articulate cartilage

Question 7

What is the articulation at the elbow?

Answer 7

Middle radioulnar joint

Question 8

Are all the elbow joints in one joint capsule?

Answer 8

Yes

Question 9

What is normal elbow ROM extension?

Answer 9

-5 (10) degrees to 0 degrees

Question 10

What is normal elbow ROM flexion?

Answer 10

0 degrees to 150 degrees

Question 11

What is normal elbow ROM pronation?

Answer 11

0 (neutral) degrees to 90 degrees

Question 12

What is normal elbow ROM supination?

Answer 12

0 (neutral) degrees to 90 degrees

Question 13

What is elbow carrying angle?

Answer 13

The valgus relationship between the upper and lower arm

Question 14

What is attributed to cause carrying angle?

Answer 14

The relationship between humerus & ulna

Question 15

What are normal carrying angles?

Answer 15

Males are 5-10 degrees
- pitchers may be >15 degrees in throwing arm
Females are 10-15 degrees

Question 16

What shape is made with the Olecranon process and lateral/medial epicondyle at 90 degree elbow flexion?

Answer 16

And isosceles triangle

Question 17

What shape is made with the Olecranon process and lateral/medial epicondyle at 0 degree elbow flexion?

Answer 17

A straight line

Question 18

What are the 3 elbow ligaments?

Answer 18

Ulnar Collateral Ligament (3 parts)
Radial Collateral Ligament
Annular Ligament

Question 19

What are the 3 parts of the UCL?

Answer 19

Anterior
Posterior
Transverse (inferior)

Question 20

What does the anterior UCL do?

Answer 20

Primary UCL stabilizer against valgus stress

Question 21

When is the anterior UCL taut?

Answer 21

Extension

Question 22

When is the posterior UCL taut?

Answer 22

Flexion

Question 23

What does the transverse UCL act as?

Answer 23

It’s nonfunctional but is an attachment site

Question 24

What does the RCL do?

Answer 24

Stabilizes RH joint

Question 25

What does the annular ligament do?

Answer 25

Stabilizes RU joint

Question 26

What is a goose egg deformity?

Answer 26

When the Olecranon bursa bursts and causes a goose egg to form on the back of the elbow

Question 27

Does the elbow have an interosseus membrane?

Answer 27

Yes

Question 28

What does the interosseous membrane act as?

Answer 28

A point of attachment

Question 29

What are the bursa at the elbow?

Answer 29

Olecranon bursa Biceps bursa

Question 30

What are the 3 elbow flexors?

Answer 30

Biceps Brachii Brachialis Brachioradialis

Question 31

What are the elbow extensors?

Answer 31

Triceps Anconeus

Question 32

What muscles do supination?

Answer 32

Supinator Biceps

Question 33

What muscles do pronation?

Answer 33

Pronator Teres Pronator Quadratus

Question 34

What is the common flexor attachment site?

Answer 34

Medial epicondyle

Question 35

What are the forearm muscles for wrist and extrinsic finger flexion?

Answer 35

Pronator teres Flexor carpi radialis Palmaris longus Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor digitorum profundus

Question 36

What is the common attachment site for the extensor supinator mass?

Answer 36

Lateral epicondyle

Question 37

What are the forearm muscles that act as extensors of the wrist and fingers?

Answer 37

Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor digitorum communi Extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor digiti minimi

Question 38

What are the borders of the antecubital fossa?

Answer 38

Superior- imaginary line between epicondyles Lateral- brachioradialis Medial- Pronator teres

Question 39

Where is the antecubital fossa?

Answer 39

The anterior part of elbow (elbow pit)

Question 40

Where is the cubital fossa?

Answer 40

The posterior portion of arm (the elbow)

Question 41

What nerves innervate the arm and forearm?

Answer 41

Musculocutaneous Radial Ulnar Median

Question 42

What are the myotomes & dermatomes for the musculocutaneous nerve?

Answer 42

Myo: coracobrachialis & biceps brachii Derma: lateral forearm

Question 43

What are the myotomes & dermatomes for the radial nerve?

Answer 43

Myo: elbow, wrist, finger extensors Derma: dorsal surface of thumb, index finger, long finger, radial 1/2 of ring finger

Question 44

What are the myotomes & dermatomes for the ulnar nerve?

Answer 44

Myo: FCU, ulnar 1/2 of FDP, hand intrinsics except thenar eminence

Question 45

What are the myotomes & dermatomes for the median nerve?

Answer 45

Myo: flexor pronator mass & thenar eminence Derma: radial side of palmar surface of hand

Question 46

What three arteries go through the arm and forearm?

Answer 46

Brachial Radial Ulnar

Question 47

What pulses can you feel for in the arm and forearm?

Answer 47

Brachial Radial Ulnar (hardest to find)