Elder Learning (sensory changes)

Question 1

6 vision assessments

Answer 1

• visual acuity
• visual field
• contrast sensitivity
• glare sensitivity
• color perception
• dark adaptation

Question 2

what does visual field assess

Answer 2

extent and distribution of sensitivity to light

Question 3

what does contrast sensitivity assess

Answer 3

how lg an object must be to be seen

Question 4

what does glare sensitivity assess? ex?

Answer 4

recovery after exposure to a glare

oncoming headlight

Question 5

what does dark adaptation assess

Answer 5

difficulty adjusting to changes in light

Question 6

4 most common sight threatening conditions in older adults

Answer 6

• cataracts
• age related maculopathy (ARM)
• glaucoma
• diabetic retinopathy

Question 7

most common cause of visual loss after 55

Answer 7

cataracts

Question 8

what is cataracts

Answer 8

clouding or change in clarity of crystalline lens of eye

Question 9

cataracts can lead to 5 problems

Answer 9

• visual acuity
• contrast sensitivity
• glare
• blurred vision
• difficulty seeing printed page

Question 10

2 tx for cataracts

Answer 10

• surg removal
• insertion of intraocular lens

Question 11

leading cause of irreversible vision impairment

Answer 11

age related maculopathy

Question 12

what is the macula

Answer 12

area of retina containing most acute vision

Question 13

5 symps of age related maculopathy

Answer 13

• reduced acuity
• contrast sensitivity
• scotomas (blind spot)
• image distortion
• visual hallucinations

Question 14

8 RF for age related maculopathy

Answer 14

• genetics
• cataracts
• smoking
• HTN
• sun exposure
• farsightedness
• light skin or eye color
• diet low in vitamins

Question 15

what is glaucoma

Answer 15

increased intraocular pressure within the eye

Question 16

what type of changes does glaucoma cause to specific eye structures

Answer 16

• chronic and progressive optic neuropathy
• changes in optic disk
• thinning of retinal nerve fiber layer

Question 17

major symptom of glaucoma? 5 other symps

Answer 17

impaired peripheral visual field

• color vision
• flicker sensitivity
• motion
• contrast
• acuity

Question 18

2 tx to reduce rate of progression for glaucoma

Answer 18

• reduce aqueous humor production
• relieve intraocular pressure

Question 19

what is diabetic retinopathy

Answer 19

2ndary to type I or II with alt in sm blood vessels of retina

Question 20

6 symps of diabetic retinopathy

Answer 20

• changes in refraction
• varying focus
• blurred/hazy vision
• sensitivity to glare
• faulty color vision
• blindness

Question 21

4 specialists to mg care for diabetic retinopathy

Answer 21

• diabetic specialist
• ophthalmologist
• PT
• low vision optometrists

Question 22

how does visual loss impact ADLs and emotional status

Answer 22

makes ADLs more difficult

clinical depression

Question 23

what is presbycusis

Answer 23

“old hearing”

hearing loss associated with aging

Question 24

what structure is affected in presbycusis

Answer 24

cochlea

Question 25

4 symptoms of presbycusis

Answer 25

- distorted sound causing clarity difficulty - probs with specific letters - difficulty screening out other noises - slowed auditory processing

Question 26

7 causes of presbycusis

Answer 26

- metabolic - vascular - inflam/infect - meds - head trauma - nutrition deficiency - hereditary

Question 27

what 7 letters are difficult for presbycusis

Answer 27

f, g, s, z, t, sh, ch

Question 28

name a few effects of hearing loss

Answer 28

- withdraw from others; social iso - depression - decreased QOL - safety hazard, unaware of surroundings

Question 29

a few ways to communicate with hearing impaired

Answer 29

- get close - speak clearly and slow - visual cues - same eye lvl