electrical stimulation

Question 1

cyclical ES

Answer 1

Activates muscle at set duty cycle for preset time period

person can be passive

Question 2

triggered ES

Answer 2

started by a trigger
EMG triggered
Pressure triggered
hand triggered

Question 3

EMG triggered

Answer 3

trigger is set at amount of EMG activity
threshold depends on how much EMG someone can produce

Question 4

pressure triggered

Answer 4

pressure sensor in the elctrodes working in

-pressure comes off
electrode will stimulate the muscle

Question 5

hand triggered ES

Answer 5

CONTROLLED by patient or therapist
repetitive activation
activates muscles at voluntary attempt at movement

Question 6

physiology of ES

Answer 6

electrical current passes through electrode

sensory fibres transmit the sensation

motor fibres are activated by ES

if surfficent action potentials are stimulated the muscle contracts

Question 7

how does normal muscle contraction differ from ES stimulated contraction

Answer 7

normal:
type 1 fibres recruited first
as more force required than progressive recruit type 2

ES:
type 2 is activated first
muscles will fatigue a lot quicker
Sensory nerves are the first ones tho
more superficial

Question 8

type of current

Answer 8

DC- one way
AC- goes between ectrodes

Question 9

Biphasic ES current

Answer 9

two phase of oposite polar
net direct current is zero
no potential for burns

Question 10

ES frequency parameter

Answer 10

30 Hz because see muscle twitching
not enough for tetanic contraction

motor: 30-100

Question 11

ES Pulse width

Answer 11

0.1-.4ms

shorter is more comfortable but less ikely to elict move

Question 12

ES intensity parameters

Answer 12

adjust up to 100 until motor contraction is adequate

Question 13

ES duty cycle

Answer 13

length of work time
work time
rest time
ramp up
ramp down

Question 14

ES channels

Answer 14

1- 2 electrodes one muscle group

2- 4 electrodes 1 or 2 muscle group

synchronous together
asynchronous not together

Question 15

most common parameter

Answer 15

Stimulation frequency: 30-100Hz
Pulse width: 100-400us
Ramp up/down: 1-2 seconds
Duty cycle: Start with 5 secs on: 5 Sec off and progress to 10 secs on: 5 secs off
Mode: One channel
Duration: Daily, 30-60mins or until muscle fatigue

Question 16

why use ES

Answer 16

strengthen weak muscles
prevent shoulder sublux
prevent/ manage swelling UL

Question 17

skin preperation

Answer 17

alcohol wipes to clean area
shave if need be

Question 18

electrode placement

Answer 18

one electrode either end of muscle belly
one electrode over motor point
one electrode over muscle belly
electrode over nerve

Question 19

how to improve ES application

Answer 19

tape electrodes to skin

re-position electrodes

try larger electrodes

change pulse width

Question 20

ES best used for

Answer 20

grade 0-2 MUSCLES

Question 21

WHY IS ES BENIFICIAL

Answer 21

it has been shown to improve strength and activity outcomes
it provides the opportunity to do large numbers of reps of muscles contraction when muscles are very weak
it can be used for semi-supervised and independent practice