Renal and GU > Electrolyte Disorders > Flashcards

Electrolyte Disorders Flashcards

(17 cards)

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1
Q

Water follows

A

salt

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2
Q

What are the types of tonicity?

A

Isotonic
Hypotonic
Hypertonic

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3
Q

What are the functions of sodium in the human body?

A
  • Conduct nerve impulses
  • Contraction of muscles
  • Tonicity
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4
Q

What is the most common electrolyte disturbance?

A

Hyponatremia

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5
Q

What are common causes of isotonic hyponatremia?

A
  • Elevated triglycerides
  • Elevated LDL
  • Hyperproteinemia from multiple myeloma
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6
Q

What is the treatment for isotonic hyponatremia?

A

Treat hypertriglyceridemia and/or LDL
- Statins
- Fibrates
- Niacin
- Fish oil

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7
Q

How is hypertonic hyponatremia defined?

A

hyponatremia (<135) with high osmolality (>280-295)

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8
Q

What are the common causes of hypovolemic hypotonic hyponatremia?

A
  • Extra renal salt loss: dehydration, diarrhea, vomit
  • Renal salt loss: diuretics, ACEIs, kidney disease, aldosterone deficiency
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9
Q

What are the causes of euvolemic hypotonic hyponatremia?

A

Primarily related to ADH dysfunction or free water replacement of losses (wide range of causes)

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10
Q

What are isotonic fluids?

A

Lactated Ringers (LR) or Normal Saline (NS) 0.9%

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11
Q

What is the risk in rapidly correcting hyponatremia?

A

Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome (ODS)

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12
Q

What is osmotic demyelination syndrome?

A

Rapid rise in sodium concentration that pulls water from the brain —> results in cerebral demylenation (occurring outside the pons)

Typically presents 2-3 days after sodium correction

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13
Q

What are some symptoms of osmotic demyelation syndrome?

A
  • Depressed level of awareness
  • Difficulty speaking, swallowing, thinking
  • Weakness or paralysis in legs and arms
  • “Locked In” syndrome
  • Death
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14
Q

What is the treatment for osmotic demylation syndrome?

A
  • Supportive care
  • IV NS/5% dextrose
  • DDAVP (desmopressin acetate)
  • Plasmapheresis
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15
Q

How is hypokalemia defined?

A

Serum potassium < 3.5 mEq/L

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16
Q

What are the causes of hypokalemia?

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A
  • Inadequate intake
  • Movement of K+ from ECF –> ICF
  • Extrarenal K+ losses
  • Renal K+ losses
17
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of hypokalemia?

Study These Flashcards
A

Muscle weakness, EKG changes…death

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