what electrolytes are used for?
replacement therapy
types of replacement?
sodium, potassium, calcium
what is an isotonic sol?
2 sol that have the same osmotic pressure across a semi-permeable mem
what is a hypotonic sol?
a sol that have a lower osmotic pressure than another sol, water moves into cell
what is a hypertonic sol?
a sol that have a greater conc of solutes on the outside of cell than inside, water moves out of cell
describe sodium chloride
- white, crystalline powder
- soluble in water, glycerin and slightly soluble in alcohol
- used in manufacture of isotonic sol
- must be 0.9%
preparations of NaCl
- injections
- solution
- tabs
- dextrose and NaCl injection
- ringer’s injection
- lactated ringer’s injection
used as fluid and electrolyte replenisher
types of potassium replacement?
potassium chloride and potassium gluconate
describe potassium chloride
- white granular powder w saline like taste
- soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol
- must be well diluted cuz it can be irritating to GIT
- tabs must be enteric coated
- IV injections can be used if patient cannot take it orally
potassium chloride preparations
- KCl injection
- tabs
- ringer’s injection (0.3%)
- lactated ringer’s injection (0.03%)
describe potassium gluconate
- yellowish white crystalline powder
- odorless, slightly bitter taste
- soluble in water, insoluble in alcohol, ether, chlorofoam
- less irritating and use as an electrolyte
potassium gluconate preparations
- elixir
- sugar coated tabs
types of calcium replacement?
calcium chloride, calcium gluconate, calcium lactate, dibasic/tribasic calcium phosphate
describe calcium chloride
- hard, white odorless granules
- soluble in water and ethanol
- rapid injection may cause burning
calcium chloride preparation
- ringer’s injection
- lactated ringer’s injection
describe calcium gluconate
- white, crystalline, odorless granules
- soluble in water, insoluble in alcohol, ether, chlorofoam
- neutral to litmus
- preferred for treatment of hypocalcemia
calcium gluconate preparation
- injection (10ml)
- tab (1g)
describe calcium lactate
- white, odorless granules
- soluble in water, insoluble in alcohol
- non irritating
- available as 300mg tabs
1 - 5g 3 times a day
describe dibasic/tribasic calcium phosphate
- white, odorless tasteless powder
- soluble in HCL, insoluble in water and alcohol
- used as a sources of Ca and P in pregnancy and lactation
1g 3 times a day
