elicit

Question 1

demonstrate the feature characteristics of /k/

Answer 1

• Back (dorsum of tongue raised to soft palate (velar placement)
• Explosion of air (breathy)
• Velum closed
• Vocal folds silent

Question 2

/k/

Answer 2

• Use a tongue depressor to guide the tongue toward a backward movement.
• Press underneath the back of the client’s chin and tell him to whisper /k/ in an explosive manner.

Question 3

Demonstrate the feature characteristics of /t/

Answer 3

• Tongue tip to alveolar ridge
• Explosion of air (breathy)
• Velum closed
• Vocal folds silent

Question 4

/t/

Answer 4

• Show the amount of pressure of the tongue necessary to produce /t/
• Demonstrate the plosive burst on the back of the client’s hand. Have the client then attempt to do the same thing on his hand.
• Use hand gestures to demonstrate how to tap the tongue against the alveolar ridge

Question 5

Demonstrate the feature characteristics of /l/

Answer 5

• Tongue tip touching and releasing alveolar ridge
• Voiced airstream passing over the sides of the tongue
• Velum closed
• Vocal folds vibrating

Question 6

/l/

Answer 6

• Instruct the client to place one hand on your throat as you say /l/ to feel the voicing
• As a touch cue, lay the client’s fingertip on the middle of his upper lip
• Remind the client to singing sound (la, la), the lullaby, pointy, tip-tongue, flowing, bump, hill, or filter sound.

Question 7

Characteristics of bunched or retroflexed /r/

Answer 7

• Tongue raised and curled upward pointing just behind the alveolar ridge but not touching it, or tip pointed downward toward the lower teeth
• The corpus of the tongue is raised toward the palate
• Voiced airstream released over the tongue as it glides toward the position of the next vowel
• Velum closed
• Vocal folds vibrating

Question 8

/r/

Answer 8

• Show the client how to raise the tongue (i.e. curl the tongue upward or point the tongue downward in the retroflexed and bunched posture respectively). Use a tongue depressor to guide the movement if necessary. Hold the lips still to focus attention on the tongue movement

Question 9

Demonstrate feature characteristics of /s/

Answer 9

• Blade of the tongue nearly touching the alveolar ridge
• Lateral edges raised to contact the inner surfaces of the upper back teeth
• Slow release of air over the tongue toward cutting the edges of the upper central incisors
• Velum closed
• Vocal fold silent

Question 10

/s/

Answer 10

• Tell the client to groove the tongue and then attempt /s/
• Instruct the client to close his teeth and bring his lips together tightly. Then slowly open the lips to allow the /s/ to escape
• Tell the client to bite down slightly on the back of the teeth. Use your index finger and thumb to touch the outside of the cheeks at the location of the juncture of the upper first and second molars. Then tell the client to blow air straight out of his mouth. Use index finger to show the pathway straight of the lips to indicate the emission of the central airstream (lateral)

Question 11

Demonstrate the feature characteristics of / ʃ/

Answer 11

• The blade of the tongue almost touches the anterior portion of the palate posterior to the alveolar ridge
• The lips are slightly protruded
• The airstream passes rapidly along wide medial lingual groove
• Velum closed
• Vocal folds are silent

Question 12

/ ʃ/

Answer 12

• Instruct client to round his lips, flatten his cheeks, and “slush” the air between his teeth.
• Rub the upper edges of the tongue with a tongue depressor, sugarless lollipop, or cotton swap. Instruct the client to place the edges of the tongue against upper teeth and blow air across the blade of the tongue