1523 Theory > Elimination > Flashcards

Elimination Flashcards

Unit 3 (72 cards)

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1
Q
  1. What is the primary function of the urinary tract?
    a. To digest food and nutrients
    b. To convert and remove excess waste and fluids from the body
    c. To absorb water from the digestive system
    d. To transport blood throughout the body
A

b. To convert and remove excess waste and fluids from the body

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2
Q
  1. Which organ filters blood and converts waste products and excess fluids into urine?
    a. Bladder
    b. Urethra
    c. Kidneys
    d. Ureters
A

c. Kidneys

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2
Q
  1. What happens when the bladder fills with urine?
    a. The bladder contracts and releases urine automatically
    b. Receptors send signals to the brain indicating the need to urinate
    c. Urine is absorbed back into the body
    d. The urethra closes
A

b. Receptors send signals to the brain indicating the need to urinate

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3
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting urine production?
    a. Food and liquid consumption
    b. Exercise
    c. Medications
    d. Breathing rate
A

d. Breathing rate

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4
Q
  1. What can dark yellow or amber-colored urine indicate?
    a. Dehydration or kidney issues
    b. Increased kidney function
    c. Presence of blood in urine
    d. Normal and healthy hydration levels
A

a. Dehydration or kidney issues

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5
Q
  1. How does age affect urine production?
    a. Older adults produce more urine compared to infants
    b. Kidney function and urine production decrease with age
    c. Urine production is unaffected by age
    d. Kidney function improves with age
A

b. Kidney function and urine production decrease with age

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6
Q
  1. What dietary factors can cause urine to change color or odor?
    a. Drinking water and herbal teas
    b. Consuming alcohol, caffeine, and certain foods like beets or asparagus
    c. Eating leafy greens and fruits
    d. Consuming only processed foods
A

b. Consuming alcohol, caffeine, and certain foods like beets or asparagus

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7
Q
  1. What is peristalsis?
    a. The production of digestive enzymes
    b. The absorption of nutrients in the small intestine
    c. The muscle contractions that move food through the digestive system
    d. The process of urine production in the kidneys
A

c. The muscle contractions that move food through the digestive system

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8
Q
  1. Which age-related change might contribute to urinary incontinence in older adults?
    a. Increased bladder capacity
    b. Enhanced kidney function
    c. Loss of bladder tone
    d. Increased number of nephrons
A

c. Loss of bladder tone

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9
Q
  1. What lifestyle factors can contribute to less frequent bowel movements in older adults?
    a. Increased fluid and fiber intake
    b. Use of antihypertensive medications, inactivity, and decreased fluid and fiber intake
    c. Increased exercise and hydration
    d. High consumption of spicy foods
A

b. Use of antihypertensive medications, inactivity, and decreased fluid and fiber intake

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10
Q
  1. What role do the kidneys play in the urinary tract?
    a. They absorb nutrients from food.
    b. They store urine before it is expelled.
    c. They filter blood and convert waste into urine.
    d. They transport urine to the bladder.
A

c. They filter blood and convert waste into urine.

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11
Q
  1. How much urine do the kidneys typically produce each day?
    a. 5 to 6 quarts
    b. 3 to 4 quarts
    c. 1 to 2 quarts
    d. 7 to 8 quarts
A

c. 1 to 2 quarts

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12
Q
  1. What connects the kidneys to the bladder?
    a. Urethra
    b. Ureters
    c. Pelvic floor muscles
    d. Bladder neck
A

b. Ureters

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13
Q
  1. Which muscle group supports the urethra and helps prevent accidental urination?
    a. Bladder muscles
    b. Pelvic floor muscles
    c. Abdominal muscles
    d. Rectal muscles
A

b. Pelvic floor muscles

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14
Q
  1. Which of the following can lead to a dark brown color in urine?
    a. Drinking excessive water
    b. Consuming fava beans or aloe
    c. High levels of caffeine intake
    d. Eating spicy foods
A

b. Consuming fava beans or aloe

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15
Q
  1. What is the expected urine output in adults?
    a. 1 mL/kg/hr
    b. 2 mL/kg/hr
    c. 0.5 mL/kg/hr
    d. 1.5 mL/kg/hr
A

c. 0.5 mL/kg/hr

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16
Q
  1. What happens in the small intestine during digestion?
    a. Food is stored and compacted
    b. Food is mixed with gastric acids
    c. Nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream
    d. Food is converted into stool
A

c. Nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream

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17
Q
  1. What organ stores stool until it is expelled from the body?
    a. Small intestine
    b. Esophagus
    c. Rectum
    d. Liver
A

c. Rectum

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18
Q

Which of the following can lead to constipation in older adults?
a. Increased physical activity
b. Decreased muscle tone in the bowel
c. Excessive water intake
d. High intake of fruits and vegetables

A

b. Decreased muscle tone in the bowel

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19
Q
  1. How does the GI tract help in digestion?
    a. By filtering blood
    b. By absorbing oxygen
    c. By digesting food and moving it along the pathway
    d. By regulating urine production
A

c. By digesting food and moving it along the pathway

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20
Q
  1. How does age affect nutrient absorption in the small intestine?
    a. It has no effect.
    b. It improves nutrient absorption.
    c. It may impair absorption due to bacterial overgrowth.
    d. It speeds up the process of nutrient absorption.
A

c. It may impair absorption due to bacterial overgrowth.

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21
Q
  1. What happens when the bladder muscles relax?
    a. Urine is expelled immediately.
    b. Urine is stored and the bladder fills.
    c. Urine is absorbed back into the kidneys.
    d. Urine turns into solid waste.
A

b. Urine is stored and the bladder fills.

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22
Q
  1. What is the expected color and clarity of urine in a healthy individual?
    a. Dark yellow and cloudy
    b. Clear, light yellow, and odorless
    c. Brown and clear
    d. Reddish and cloudy
A

b. Clear, light yellow, and odorless

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23
Q
  1. What can urinary incontinence lead to if left untreated?
    a. Improved urinary retention
    b. Skin breakdown and infections
    c. Increased bladder capacity
    d. Improved muscle tone
A

b. Skin breakdown and infections

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24
3. Which of the following is NOT a type of urinary incontinence? a. Stress incontinence b. Reflex incontinence c. Overflow incontinence d. Chronic incontinence
d. Chronic incontinence
25
4. What causes stress incontinence? a. Inability to reach the toilet in time b. Pressure on the bladder from physical activities like coughing or sneezing c. Nerve damage leading to involuntary leakage d. Bladder overfilling due to incomplete emptying
b. Pressure on the bladder from physical activities like coughing or sneezing
26
6. What is functional incontinence? a. Urine leakage due to nerve damage b. Inability to reach the toilet due to physical impairment c. Involuntary leakage due to bladder overfilling d. Urine leakage caused by coughing or sneezing
b. Inability to reach the toilet due to physical impairment
27
17. Which type of bowel incontinence is characterized by a desire to defecate but the inability to reach the toilet in time? a. Passive incontinence b. Urge incontinence c. Reflex incontinence d. Functional incontinence
b. Urge incontinence
28
2. What increases the risk of developing impaired urinary patterns in males over age 40? a. High physical activity levels b. Circumcision c. Family history of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) d. Excessive water consumption
c. Family history of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
29
5. Which of the following medications can cause constipation as a side effect? a. Antibiotics b. Diuretics c. Calcium channel blockers d. Antihistamines
c. Calcium channel blockers
30
7. What is a major risk factor for dehydration in elderly clients? a. High fluid intake b. Lack of appetite c. Poor fluid intake and chronic conditions d. Taking diuretics regularly
c. Poor fluid intake and chronic conditions
31
9. Which demographic is more prone to kidney stones? a. Males, especially those with a family history of kidney stones b. Females, particularly during pregnancy c. Children under age 10 d. Elderly females
a. Males, especially those with a family history of kidney stones
32
10. What are common manifestations of kidney stones? a. Constipation and bloating b. Sharp back pain, urinary frequency, and blood in urine c. Diarrhea and nausea d. Increased urine output
b. Sharp back pain, urinary frequency, and blood in urine
33
11. What lifestyle intervention can help clients manage the risk of kidney stones? a. Reducing fluid intake b. Consuming a high-fat diet c. Increasing fluid intake and reducing salt consumption d. Taking antacids regularly
c. Increasing fluid intake and reducing salt consumption
34
12. What is a common manifestation of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)? a. Diarrhea b. Urinary retention and weak urinary stream c. Frequent defecation d. Sharp pain in the lower back
b. Urinary retention and weak urinary stream
35
13. Which condition involves the formation of pouches in the colon that can become inflamed? a. Crohn's disease b. Diverticulitis c. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) d. Ulcerative colitis
b. Diverticulitis
36
14. What is a common treatment for diverticulitis? a. High-fat diet and avoiding fiber b. Antibiotics and a soft diet c. Drinking alcohol to reduce inflammation d. Surgery to remove the colon
b. Antibiotics and a soft diet
37
15. What are some common triggers for Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)? a. Lack of sleep and excessive exercise b. High fiber and probiotic intake c. Anxiety, stress, and digestive disorders d. Excessive fluid intake
c. Anxiety, stress, and digestive disorders
38
What is a major difference between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (UC)? a. UC affects the small intestine, while Crohn's affects only the colon b. Crohn's can affect any part of the GI tract, while UC is limited to the colon c. Both are limited to the rectum d. Crohn's disease is non-inflammatory, while UC is inflammatory
b. Crohn's can affect any part of the GI tract, while UC is limited to the colon
39
17. What is a common intervention for clients experiencing ileus? a. Encouraging oral intake of food b. Administering antibiotics c. Placing a nasogastric (NG) tube for decompression d. Using laxatives to speed up bowel movements
c. Placing a nasogastric (NG) tube for decompression
40
Which group is more prone to urinary tract infections (UTIs) prior to age 1? a. Circumcised males b. Females who are breastfed c. Uncircumcised males d. Males who are formula-fed
c. Uncircumcised males
41
4. Which type of medication may cause constipation as a side effect? a. Antibiotics b. Calcium channel blockers c. Potassium supplements d. Antihistamines
b. Calcium channel blockers
42
5. What condition can result from a loss of healthy bacteria in the GI tract due to antibiotic use? a. Constipation b. Dehydration c. Diarrhea d. Increased blood pressure
c. Diarrhea
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8. What type of medical intervention might be used to treat a large kidney stone that cannot pass naturally? a. Over-the-counter pain relief b. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) c. Antibiotics d. Increased water intake
b. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
44
17. What type of bowel obstruction involves the partial or complete blockage of the small or large bowel? a. Paralytic ileus b. Diverticulitis c. Gastroenteritis d. Crohn’s disease
a. Paralytic ileus
45
18. Which intervention is used to treat an ileus? a. Encouraging increased fiber intake b. Providing intravenous (IV) fluid therapy and decompression with an NG tube c. Administering antibiotics d. Frequent physical exercise
b. Providing intravenous (IV) fluid therapy and decompression with an NG tube
46
19. What is a risk factor for developing ulcerative colitis (UC)? a. Being of Hispanic descent b. High protein diet c. Family history and overactive intestinal immune system d. Low fiber intake
c. Family history and overactive intestinal immune system
47
20. Which chronic condition involves inflammation of the GI tract and can lead to complications like fistulas and abscesses? a. Diverticulitis b. Ulcerative colitis c. Crohn's disease d. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
C
48
Types of Diuretics
Thiazide diuretics Loop diuretics Potassium-sparing diuretics
49
Thiazide diuretics
Chlorthalidone Hydrochlorothiazide Metolazone Indapamide
50
Loop diuretics
Torsemide (Demadex) Furosemide (Lasix) Bumetanide
51
Potassium-sparing diuretics
Amiloride Triamterene Spironolactone eplerenone
52
Medications That Affect Stool Production
Antacids Anticholinergics and antispasmodics—medications used to treat muscle spasms Antiseizure medications Calcium channel blockers—medications used to primarily treat elevated blood pressure Diuretics—which increase urine production Iron supplements—used to treat certain forms of anemia Anti-Parkinson disease medications Opiates—used to treat pain Antidepressants
53
Medications That Can Affect Urinary Elimination Patterns
5-Alpha reductase inhibitors Antihistamines Alpha-blockers Anticholinergics/antispasmodics Antidepressants Antidiuretics Antihypertensives Antiparkinsonian medications Antipsychotics Decongestants Diuretics Estrogens Over-the-counter cold medications Narcotic pain relievers Psychotherapeutics
54
Medications That Can Affect Bowel Elimination Patterns
Antacids containing aluminum and calcium Anticholinergics/antispasmodics Antiseizure Antidepressants Antihypertensives Antipsychotics Bile acid sequestrants Calcium channel blockers Diuretics Iron supplements Opiates
55
7. What is the purpose of a cystostomy? a. To create a new bladder b. To insert a catheter directly into the bladder through the abdomen c. To remove kidney stones d. To surgically create a new ureter
b. To insert a catheter directly into the bladder through the abdomen
56
11. How does a colostomy differ from an ileostomy? a. A colostomy uses the small intestine, while an ileostomy uses the colon b. A colostomy uses part of the colon to create a stoma, while an ileostomy uses the ileum c. Both are identical in function and location d. A colostomy is always permanent, while an ileostomy is always temporary
b. A colostomy uses part of the colon to create a stoma, while an ileostomy uses the ileum
57
12. What is a J-pouch? a. A catheter inserted into the bladder b. An internal reservoir that allows stool to pass through the anus after the colon and rectum are removed c. An external bag for urine collection d. A device to drain urine directly from the kidneys
b. An internal reservoir that allows stool to pass through the anus after the colon and rectum are removed
58
13. What makes a Kock pouch unique compared to other ileostomy systems? a. It uses the kidneys instead of the intestines b. It is a continent ileostomy that requires a catheter to drain the contents c. It functions as a natural colon d. It is a temporary external pouch
b. It is a continent ileostomy that requires a catheter to drain the contents
59
14. Which type of diversion would most likely be used for short-term relief of urine blockage? a. Neobladder b. Ureteral stent c. Ileal conduit d. Colostomy
b. Ureteral stent
60
17. How is urine drained from a nephrostomy tube? a. Through a natural process that bypasses the bladder b. Through the urethra c. Directly from the kidney to an external pouch d. Through a catheter inserted into the bladder
c. Directly from the kidney to an external pouch
61
1. What does a urodynamic test evaluate? a. Kidney function and filtration rate b. How the bladder, sphincters, and urethra hold and release urine c. The pH level of urine d. Presence of bacteria in the urinary tract
b. How the bladder, sphincters, and urethra hold and release urine
62
2. What is the purpose of a cystoscopy? a. To measure the amount of urine left in the bladder after voiding b. To view the lining of the urethra and bladder using an optical instrument c. To determine the pH level of urine d. To examine the ureters and kidneys for infection
b. To view the lining of the urethra and bladder using an optical instrument
63
2. What is the purpose of bladder irrigation? a. To prevent or remove blood clots in the bladder b. To hydrate the client c. To measure urine output d. To increase urine acidity
a. To prevent or remove blood clots in the bladder
64
What is a "never event" related to urinary catheterization? a. Overhydration b. Use of sterile technique c. Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) d. Using a condom catheter
c. Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs
65
13. Which class of medications is used to soften stool by absorbing water and promoting peristalsis? a. Antidiuretics b. Bulk-forming laxatives c. Antibiotics d. Antihypertensives
b. Bulk-forming laxatives
66
17. What is the primary purpose of nasogastric (NG) tube decompression? a. To provide hydration b. To remove contents and reduce abdominal distention in cases of bowel obstruction c. To administer medication directly to the stomach d. To measure gastric acidity
b. To remove contents and reduce abdominal distention in cases of bowel obstruction
67
7. Which of the following should be avoided to reduce the risk of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs)? a. Using clean technique for indwelling catheter insertion b. Frequent hand hygiene before and after handling catheters c. Removing the catheter as soon as it is no longer needed d. Regular catheter care with soap and water
a. Using clean technique for indwelling catheter insertion
68
9. Which enema solution can lead to electrolyte imbalances if not administered properly? a. Sodium phosphate enema b. Tap water (hypotonic) enema c. Saline (isotonic) enema d. Mineral oil enema
b. Tap water (hypotonic) enema
69
15. What is a key aspect of catheter care to prevent infections? a. Use sterile gloves only for catheter removal b. Encourage the client to drink less water to reduce urine output c. Maintain a closed drainage system and secure the catheter to prevent tension d. Change the catheter daily
c. Maintain a closed drainage system and secure the catheter to prevent tension
70
19. What type of catheter is often recommended to reduce the incidence of CAUTIs in hospitals? a. Indwelling catheter b. Intermittent catheter c. Condom catheter d. Female external catheter
d. Female external catheter
71
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