EMALB Guidelines

Question 1

Steps to rescue scene evaluation

Answer 1

• Hazards
• Environment
• Mechanism of injury
• People

Question 2

Purpose of rescue scene evaluation

Answer 2

to ensure that the scene is
safe for the crew and patient and to provide
information about the nature and extent of the
patient’s injuries or condition.

Question 3

Primary Survey Steps

Answer 3

• LOC
• Spinal Precautions
• Airway
• Breathing
• Circulation
• Rapid Body
• Survey interventions
  ▪ Skin
  ▪ Oxygen
  ▪ Airway
  ▪ Position
• Transport Decision

Question 4

Primary Survey purpose

Answer 4

to identify and
manage life- and limb-threatening injuries and
conditions.

Question 5

Secondary Survey Steps

Answer 5

• History
• Vital signs
• Head-to-toe examination
• Functional inquiry (PCP)

Question 6

Purpose of secondary survey

Answer 6

the secondary survey is to identify
the patient’s chief complaint, establish a baseline set
of vital signs and gather information about the
patient’s injuries and condition.

Question 7

Steps to treatment

Answer 7

• Wound Care
• Fracture management
• Spinal management
• Burn management
• Management of specific injuries
  and conditions

Question 8

What does EMA consider a treatment?

Answer 8

first aid procedures that do not
require direct physician supervision.

Question 9

What does EMA consider protocols?

Answer 9

Protocols allow the EMA to perform medical
procedures that are normally in the domain of a
physician.

Question 10

Load and Transport steps

Answer 10

• Stretcher
• Reassessment
• Equipment
• Transport mode
• Notification

Question 11

Records and Reports Steps

Answer 11

• Forms
• Reports

Question 12

Records and Reports purpose

Answer 12

used to gather or give information regarding the patient’s status and treatment. Forms are used to record assessment and treatment of a patient

Question 13

PAM Interventions - Cervical Spine Stabilization - Indications

Answer 13

• Meets NEXUS or Canadian C-Spine indications
• Obvious injury above the level of the clavicles
• Unconscious patient where trauma cannot be reasonably ruled out

Question 14

PAM Interventions - Obstructed airway procedures - Indications

Answer 14

• Absence of respiration
• Inability to ventilate the patient

Question 15

PAM Interventions - Airway maintenance and suctioning - Indications

Answer 15

• Decreased level of consciousness (LOC)
• Presence of fluids or potential obstructions in upper airway

Question 16

PAM Interventions - Ventilating the non-breathing patient - Indications

Answer 16

• Absence of respirations

Question 17

PAM Interventions - Assisting inadequate or failing respirations - Indications

Answer 17

• Abnormally fast or slow respirations
• Distressed respirations
• Shallow or labored respirations, especially in the presence of decreasing
  LOC, cyanosis, or decreased O2 Saturations.

Question 18

PAM Interventions - Sealing open chest wounds - Indications

Answer 18

• Open chest wounds

Question 19

PAM Interventions - Performing CPR - Indications

Answer 19

• Absence of carotid pulse

Question 20

PAM Interventions - Controlling hemorrhage - Indications

Answer 20

• Major hemorrhage

Question 21

PAM Interventions -Binding pelvis - Indications

Answer 21

• Suspected fracture due to mechanism or unstable pelvis, including shock
  like symptoms with MOI.

Question 22

PAM Interventions - Stabilizing fractures - Indications

Answer 22

• Suspected fractures

Question 22

PAM Interventions - Oxygen - Indications

Answer 22

• Altered LOC
• Respiratory distress
• Pain
• Trauma
• Evidence of shock (e.g., tachycardia, tachypnea, pallor, cyanosis)

Question 22

PAM Interventions - Realigning limb fractures - Indications

Answer 22

• Fractured limbs that are grossly deformed or with no distal pulses

Question 23

PAM Interventions - Gradual warming - Indications

Answer 23

* Hypothermia

Question 23

PAM Interventions - Initiating cooling of burns - Indications

Answer 23

* Major burns

Question 24

PAM Interventions - Rapid cooling - Indications

Answer 24

* Hyperthermia

Question 25

Critical History Questions - MVA

Answer 25

* Location of patient * Which vehicle was the patient in? * How many vehicles involved * Type of vehicle(s) * Impact speed * Exterior damage * Interior damage/Compartment Intrusion * Type of restraints * Initial position and condition of patient * Loss of consciousness * Condition of other patients – fatality in same vehicle * Vehicle equipped with airbags – were they deployed

Question 26

Critical History Questions - Fall

Answer 26

* Where from * Height * Free fall or hit other objects during fall * Landing surface * Position of patient at impact – what hit first * Initial position and condition of patient * Has the patient moved or been moved since the incident? * Any loss of consciousness * Cause of fall

Question 27

Critical History Questions - Pedestrian Struck

Answer 27

* What hit them – size, weight * Velocity of vehicle * What part of the vehicle hit what part of patient? * Damage to vehicle * Distance patient thrown * Initial position and condition of patient * Has the patient moved or been moved since the incident? * Any loss of consciousness * Condition of vehicle occupants

Question 28

Critical History Questions - Stabbing

Answer 28

* Type of weapon/object * Size – length and width of weapon * Type of wound – slashed or stabbed * Number of wounds * Other injuries * Initial position and condition of patient * Loss of consciousness

Question 29

Critical History Questions - Shooting

Answer 29

* Type of firearm * Range * Angle of shot * Type of bullet if possible * Entrance and exit wounds * Initial position and condition of patient * Loss of consciousness