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emergencies Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

how fast must a class 1 be seen?

A

seconds to minutes

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2
Q

how fast must a class 2 be seen?

A

minutes to an hour

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3
Q

how fast must a class 3 be seen?

A

a few hours

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4
Q

how fast must a class 4 be seen?

A

24 hours

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5
Q

8 common class 1 emergencies

A
  • respiratory failure
  • severe dyspnea
  • anaphylaxis (vs reactions)
  • cardiac arrest
  • continuous seizures
  • major, uncontrolled bleeding
  • heat stroke
  • GDV
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6
Q

what acronym do you follow when treating a patient with respiratory failure

A

ABCD

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7
Q

which species is heat stroke more common in

A

dogs

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8
Q

what colour is the mm of a patient with heat stroke

A

brick red

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9
Q

What should you monitor a patient with a GDV’s heart for?

A

Monitor for PCVs

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10
Q

what are 4 common eye injuries

A
  • proptosis
  • foreign body
  • penetrating injury
  • chemical burns

(class 2)

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11
Q

common crystal in FLUTD

A

struvite

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12
Q

When examining a cat with FLUTD, what does bradycardia indicate?

A

hyperkalemia

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13
Q

what are 3 methods for relieving bladder pressure in a cat with FLUTD

A
  • cystocentesis
  • massage the urethra
  • catheterization
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14
Q

what are the 2 categories of dystocia?

A
  • maternal problems
  • fetal problems
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15
Q

5 signs of dystocia

A
  • no fetus after membrane rupture/active labour starts
  • more than 1hr between fetuses
  • hemorrhage from the vagina
  • large amounts of greenish black vaginal discharge (meconium)
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16
Q

What additional exam will you do on a patient with dystocia?

A

obstetrical exam

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17
Q

what effect does poisoning and shock have on body temperature

A

decreases it

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18
Q

What is the cause of diabetes mellitus (4)

A
  • insufficient insulin to metabolize carbohydrates
  • body then uses fat as an energy source
  • results in the release of fatty acids
  • leads to metabolic acidosis
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19
Q

when taking a hx for a poisoning patient what are 2 very important things to understand

A
  • when
  • how much
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20
Q

5 types of toxic plants to cats

A
  • dieffenbachia
  • rhododendrons
  • croton
  • poinsettia
  • lilies
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21
Q

antifreeze aka

A

ethylene glycol

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22
Q

types of crystal seen with ethylene glycol poisoning

A

calcium oxalate crystal

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23
Q

describe coumarin derivatives

A
  • vitamin k antagonists
  • affects clotting, animal bleeds to death
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24
Q

what drug is beneficial to patients with head injuries

A

corticosteroids (dexamethasone)
- decrease brain swelling and inflammation

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25
term for nose bleed
epistaxis
26
uses for atropine (5)
- antedote for organophosphate poisoning - arrhythmia and bradycardia treatment - preanesthetic - eye ointment - diarrhea
27
uses for calcium
- eclampsia - milk fever - cardiac resuscitation
28
uses for dexamethasone
- shock - anaphylaxis - inflammation - immune-mediated disease (is a long acting steroid)
29
uses for diazepam
treats seizures
30
uses for dopamine/ dobutamine
cardiac stimulant
31
uses for doxapram
- respiratory stimulation (analeptic drug)
32
uses for epinephrine (2)
- cardiac arrest - anaphylactic shock
33
uses for furosemide
- pulmonary edema (diuretic)
34
uses of lidocaine
- local anesthetic - cardiac arrhythmias
35
uses of naloxone
narcotic reversal
36
uses of prednisone sodium succinate
- shock - anaphylaxis - acute allergic reactions (feline asthma, cardiac arrest)
37
uses of sodium bicarbonate
revers acidosis
38
2 common pesticide components used that pets get into
Strychnine Metaldehyde
39
When is A CRASH PLAN used and what does it stand for
emergency primary survey Airway Circulation Respiration Abdomen Spine Head Pelvis Limbs Arteries Nerves
40
define triage
- the system of sorting emergencies as to their seriousness - class 1-4
41
term for continuous seizures (>10min)
status epilepticus
42
how might a patient get a GDV
- common in large, deep chested dogs - commonly after eating a large meal then exercising - they swallow a lot of air resulting in gastric dilation - stomach may flip on its axis resulting in the volvulus
43
signs of GDV (6)
- non-productive vomiting - grunting with abdominal pain - abdominal distension - signs of obstructive shock (tachycardia, increased CRT) - anxious - weakness
44
gastrointestinal emergency that occurs if a cat eats a shoelace
string gut
45
common signs of CHF
- coughing - exercise intolerance - syncope - tachycardia - heart murmur - weak - dyspnea - hemoptysis
46
during dystocia, what must we be cautious of if administering oxytocin or calcium
- cervix must be open - if closed, it may rupture
47
poisoning and shock has what effect on body temperature?
decreases it
48
in which animal demographic is diabetes mellitus more common in?
middle aged female dogs
49
common signs of diabetes mellitus
- polyuria - polydipsia - polyphagia - weight loss
50
ketoacidosis is associated with what breath odour
fruity (acetone)
51
signs of hypoglycemia (7)
- seizures - brisk nervous reflexes - acetone breath - moist mouth - pulse is strong - no glucose in urine, there is ketones - occasionally see vomiting
52
signs of hyperglycemia
- diminished nervous reflexes - dry mouth - acetone breath - weak pulse - glucose and ketones in urine - often see vomiting
53
when is inducing vomiting indicated
- consumed a non-corrosive substance in the last 4 hours - is consious - not seizing - neutral substance, not petrolium
54
4 drugs that can be used to induce vomiting
- hydrogen peroxide (5ml every 5min until vomiting) - apomorphine tablet (placed in lower conjunctival sac then flushed out once animal vomits) or IV - xylazine - syrup of ipecac
55
list the 5 toxic house plants
- dieffenbachia - rhododendrons - croton - poinsettia - lilies
56
examples of coumarin derivatives
(vitamin k antagonists, pesticides) Warfarin D-con brodifacoum
57
describe caustics
- household cleaners - may be acidic or alkali
58
treatment for ingestion of caustic substance
- dilute (water, milk, anything) - do not induce vomiting (will damage the esophagus an oral cavity)
59
treatment for ingestion of petroleum products
- do not induce vomiting - activated charcoal, milk, or egg whites PO - IV fluids
60
signs of strychnine OR metaldehyde poisoning
excessive stimulation of CNS - tremors - seizures - hyperesthesia - increased salivation - dyspnea
61
drug class given to patients with head injuries
corticosteroids - decreases brain swelling
62
medical term for nose bleed
epistaxis
63
when are lacerations considered and emergency? (3)
- involves the eyelids or eyes - penetrate chest or abdomen - enter a joint
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