What are the five basic emotions
Anger, Joy, sadness, disgust, fear
What can emotions be triggered by
Internal and external factors
What 3 components are emotions made up of
- subjective feelings
- expressive behaviours
- physiological arousal
Define expressive behaviours
Refers to observable expressions of behaviour that communicate emotions
Define physiological arousal
Internal bodily reactions
What does a polygraph record
- physiological responses
- Heart rate and blood pressure
Give examples of biological changes in the body when feeling fear
- increased heart rate
- digestive processes
- skin temp/colour
- muscle tension
Release of neurotransmitters (cortisol, seratonin, dopamine, adrenaline, oxytocin)
What is purpose of FFF
Protective mechanism
Survival adaptation
Helps us respond to a threat
What is happening when the SNS is in charge
When you perceive a threat, the SNS is activated
- Blood is diverted towards the major muscle groups
- Bladder relaxes
- Mouth goes dry
- Nauseous
- Butterflies
- Cold hands
- Sweaty palms
- Legs and hands start trembling
- Tension in shoulders
- Our brain focuses on negative memories
- Pupils dilate
What is happening when the PNS is in charge
- Activated when the threat has disappeared
- Return the body to normal
how can we measure physiological responses
- Blood pressure
- Facial electromyography (EMG) measures changes in muscle contraction that occur during positive and negative emotional experiences
- Galvanic skin conductance- measures changes in voltage caused by sympathetic nervous system
- Heart rate measures rate that heart is pumping blood around the body
- Body temperature
give 5 examples of physiological responses
- release of hormones or neurotransmitters
- temp colour
- breathing
- Digestive changes
- muscle tension
apply verbal communication and non verbal communication to a scenario
verbal communication- exchange of words, Oral communication (face to face, lectures, phone calls, interviews), Written communication (text messages, letters, notes, emails), Paralanguage (tone, pitch, volume)
non verbal communication- Body language (gestures, posture, facial expressions), Eye movements (eye contact, frequency of glances, blinking rate), Sense of touch, Proximity of persons
in a library verbal communication will be low, non verbal will be high
at a festival or concert verbal communication will be high, non verbal will be low
what is Plutchik’s theory’s purpose
Suggests that our basic emotions act as a way for us to adapt to the environment to aid survival
eg) Fear can stop us from acknowledging a possible threat or from entering a dangerous situation, therefore it’s function is to protect us and aid survival
name Plutchik’s 8 primary emotions
joy sadness acceptance disgust fear anger surprise anticipation
what is a secondary emotion
a mixture or blend of primary emotions
eg) joy + trust = love
what does he mean by intensities
intensities are shown through colour on Plutchik’s wheel.
The more intense the colour, more more intense the emotion.
apply Schachter singers theory to a scenario
for example, if you were to see a venomous snake in your backyard, the Schachter Singer theory argues that the snake would trigger the sympathetic nervous system activating physiological responses.
describe the stages in Schachter’s theory
stimulus/trigger
physiological arousal
appraisal/interpretation of response
feeling/emotion
what is the amygdala? What is its role in emotional functioning?
The amygdala is a part of the brain that detects and processes fearful and threatening stimuli. The amygdala plays a role in processing emotional information and is heavily implicated in mood and anxiety disorders. It also drives the FFF.
explain how damage to the amygdala affects behaviour
damage to the amygdala can cause poor decision making and impaired emotional memories
explain the cultural influence on gestures
- cultures show similarities in expressing and recognising emotions through the face
- cultures show differences in display rules of appropriate facial expressions and gestures
what is the limbic system
The limbic system is the area of the brain most heavily implicated in emotion and memory. Its structures include the hypothalamus, thalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus.
what is the role of the hypothalamus
The hypothalamus plays a role in the activation of the sympathetic nervous system, which is a part of any emotional reaction.
