EMOTONAL BEHAVIOUR

Question 1

How are emotions seen in animals

Answer 1

As response patterns:

• motoric
• autonomic
• hormonal
• integrative

Question 2

What causes emotions

Answer 2

By perception and interpretation of an object or a situation and are paralleled by a change in behavioural rediness

Question 3

What are the 3 classes of stimuli

Answer 3

• appetitive- approach
• aversive - avoidance
• neutral- no specific action

Question 4

What is fear

Answer 4

A feeling of apprehension association with the presence or proximity of an object, individual, social situation or class of the above - is part f normal behaviour

Question 5

What is anxiety

Answer 5

Apprehensive anticipation of future anger or misfortune accompanied by a feeling of dysphasia (humans) and/or somatic symptoms of tension

Question 6

How can anxiety provide protection

Answer 6

-freezing or becoming immobile
-escape or avoidance
-aggressive defence
-submission or appeasement
May increase survival chances

Question 7

What changes are seen at the ANS level due to anxiety

Answer 7

Cardiovascular activation= increased Heart rate and contractility, pumps blood to required areas
Respiratory activation = deeper, accelerated breathing
Sweating= to prevent overheating
Glucose availability= glycogenolysis increases

Question 8

Which part of the brain is associated with emotion

Answer 8

Amygdala

Question 9

What are the nuclei of the amygdala

Answer 9

-Lateral 
Basal 
Accessory basal
Medial
Central

Question 10

What is the HPA axis

Answer 10

The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis

The linked response of the hypothalamus, pituitary and adrenal medulla

Question 11

Describe the affect of stress on the HPA axis

Answer 11

• stress
• hypothalamus releases CRH
• CRH carried to pituitary
• Pituitary gland secrets ACTH
• ACTH carried in blood to adrenal medulla
• adrenal medulla releases glucocorticoids (cortisol)

Question 12

What is the effect of cortisol

Answer 12

Increases blood pressure, blood sugar levels and has immunosuppressive action

Question 13

What are the effects if high levels of cortisol is in the system for long periods of time

Answer 13

• protein loss
• metabolic issues
• immune system compromised

Question 14

What is the effect of benzodiazepines

Answer 14

• activate a specific receptor that facilitates inhibitory GABAergic transmission
• enhances response to GABA

Question 15

What is the effect of GABA in the CNS

Answer 15

It is an inhibitory neurotransmitter