Emphysema

Question 1

Obstructive lung (airway) disease are subdivided into:

Answer 1

• emphysema
• chronic bronchitis
• asthma
• bronchiectasis

Question 2

What is emphysema characterized by?

Answer 2

abnormal permanent enlargment of the air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles, accompanied by destruction of their walls without significant fibrosis

Question 3

What is the anatomic site of emphysema?

Answer 3

acinus

Question 4

What are the major pathological changes in emphysema?

Answer 4

• air space enlargment

- wall destruction

Question 5

Emphysema etiology?

Answer 5

tobacco smoke

Question 6

Signs/symptoms of emphysema?

Answer 6

dyspnea

Question 7

Lobule =

Answer 7

three to five acini

Question 8

What are the 4 major types of emphysema?

Answer 8

1. centriacinar
2. panacinar
3. distal acinar
4. irregular

Question 9

What types of emphysema cause clinically significant airway obstruction?

Answer 9

• centriacinar
• panacinar
• centriacinar is about 20 times more common than panacinar disease

Question 10

Centriacinar (centrilobular) emphysema:

Answer 10

• central or proximal parts of the acini, formed by respiratory bronchioles, are affected, while distal alveoli are spared
• emphysematous and normal air spaces exist within the same acinus and lobule
• lesions are most severe in the upper lobes, particularly apical segments
• distal acinus can also become affected in the severe cases
• most commonly seen as a consequence of cigarette smoking in people who do not have congenital deficiency of α1-antitrypsin

Question 11

Panacinar (panlobular) emphysema:

Answer 11

• the acini are uniformly enlarged, from the level of the respiratory bronchioles to the terminal blind alveoli
• occur most commonly in the lower lung zones
• occurs in α1-antitrypsin deficiency

Question 12

PAGE

Answer 12

464