biomed > emr test > Flashcards

emr test Flashcards

(41 cards)

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1
Q

What is the role of an EMR?

A
  • First medically trained person on scene
  • Ensures scene safety
  • Gives immediate lifesaving care
  • Maintains airway, controls bleeding, performs CPR
  • Prepares patient for EMT/Paramedic arrival

EMRs provide essential care before advanced medical help arrives.

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2
Q

Before modern EMS, care was provided by _______ and _______ with no medical training.

A
  • police
  • funeral homes

The EMR level was created to improve survival rates before ambulance arrival.

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3
Q

List the three EMS levels.

A
  • EMR
  • EMT
  • Paramedic

Each level has specific training and responsibilities.

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4
Q
  • Bacteria: strep, staph
  • Viruses: HIV, hepatitis
  • Fungi: mold/yeast
  • Parasites: worms
  • Protozoa: malaria
A

What are examples of pathogens?

Pathogens can cause infections and diseases.

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5
Q

Spread through blood
* Examples: HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C

A

What are bloodborne pathogens?

They enter the body through cuts, mucous membranes, or needles.

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6
Q

What are the modes of transmission for pathogens?

A
  • Direct: physical contact
  • Indirect: contaminated objects
  • Droplet: cough/sneeze
  • Airborne: small particles in air
  • Vector: insects

Understanding transmission helps in infection control.

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7
Q

Define infection.

A

When a pathogen enters the body, multiplies, and causes illness.

Infections can lead to various health complications.

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8
Q

Differentiate between direct and indirect transmission.

A
  • Direct: person-to-person
  • Indirect: touching contaminated item

Understanding these modes is crucial for preventing disease spread.

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9
Q

What does PPE stand for?

A
  • Personal Protective Equipment

PPE includes gloves, masks, goggles, gowns, and CPR masks.

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10
Q

What happens to disposable PPE after use?

A
  • Biohazard trash

Reusable equipment must be disinfected, and sharps go in a sharps container.

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11
Q

What does OSHA stand for?

A

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

OSHA protects workers from hazards and requires PPE and training.

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12
Q

List some strategies for handling job stress.

A
  • Exercise
  • Sleep well
  • Talk to coworkers/counselor
  • Take breaks
  • Avoid unhealthy coping

Managing stress is vital for EMR well-being.

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13
Q

What are key components of staying healthy as an EMR?

A
  • Nutrition: healthy food, hydration
  • Rest: 7–9 hours
  • Disease Prevention: handwashing, PPE
  • Injury Prevention: safe lifting
  • Mental well-being: stress management

These factors contribute to effective performance.

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14
Q

What does HIPAA protect?

A

Patient medical information

Sharing patient details with unauthorized individuals is prohibited.

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15
Q

What is PHI?

A
  • Name
  • Address
  • Birthdate
  • Medical conditions
  • Photos
  • Any identifying info

PHI is protected under HIPAA regulations.

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16
Q

Define consent in medical terms.

A
  • Direct consent: patient says yes
  • Implied consent: unconscious, confused, minor

Consent is crucial for legal and ethical medical practice.

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17
Q

What are examples of HIPAA violations?

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A
  • Talking about patients publicly
  • Sharing photos
  • Posting on social media

Violations can lead to severe penalties.

18
Q

What do Good Samaritan Laws do?

Study These Flashcards
A

Protect people who provide emergency care in good faith while off-duty

These laws encourage bystanders to assist in emergencies.

19
Q

What is the legal duty to act for EMRs?

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A
  • On-duty EMRs must help
  • Off-duty depends on state law

Understanding this duty is essential for legal compliance.

20
Q

If a patient refuses care, they must be _______ and _______.

Study These Flashcards
A
  • alert
  • oriented

It’s important to explain risks and document the refusal.

21
Q

What are examples of advance directives?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • DNR: no CPR
  • Living Will: treatment preferences
  • POLST: doctor-ordered life-sustaining instructions

These documents guide medical decisions when patients cannot communicate.

22
Q

Who is considered next of kin?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Spouse
  • Adult children
  • Parents
  • Siblings

Next of kin can make medical decisions on behalf of the patient.

23
Q

List the body systems.

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Respiratory
  • Cardiovascular
  • Nervous
  • Digestive
  • Musculoskeletal
  • Endocrine
  • Urinary
  • Reproductive
  • Skin (Integumentary)
  • Immune

Each system plays a vital role in maintaining health.

24
Q

What is included in a scene size-up?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Scene safety
  • MOI/NOI
  • Number of patients
  • Need more resources
  • Possible spinal injury

A thorough size-up is crucial for effective response.

25
What are examples of **dangerous conditions** at a scene?
* Fire * Hazmat * Electrical wires * Traffic * Violent individuals * Unstable structures ## Footnote Identifying these conditions is essential for safety.
26
When should you **move a patient**?
* In danger (fire, water, explosion risk) * You must reach another patient * Methods: clothes drag, blanket drag, two-person carry ## Footnote Moving a patient should be done with caution.
27
What does **MOI** stand for?
Mechanism of Injury ## Footnote Understanding MOI helps in assessing patient injuries.
28
What are common **car crash injuries**?
* Whiplash * Head injury * Chest/abdomen injury from seatbelt * Airbag burns * Side impact injuries ## Footnote Awareness of these injuries aids in assessment.
29
What are signs of a **head/neck injury**?
* Neck/back pain * Numbness * Weakness * Unconscious * High-risk MOI ## Footnote Recognizing these signs is crucial for proper care.
30
When are **restraints** used?
* Patient is violent * Threatening harm * Unable to control behavior ## Footnote Restraints must be monitored and documented.
31
What is the **primary assessment** for adults?
ABCs ## Footnote For children, breathing is assessed first, and for infants, responsiveness is prioritized.
32
What does **AVPU** stand for?
* Alert * Verbal * Pain * Unresponsive ## Footnote AVPU is a method to assess a patient's level of consciousness.
33
What should you check for in the **airway**?
* Open * Clear obstruction if needed ## Footnote Clearing blockage can involve abdominal thrusts or back blows for infants.
34
What are the **breathing rates** for different age groups?
* Adults: 12–20 * Children: 15–30 * Infants: 25–50 ## Footnote Knowing normal rates helps in assessing respiratory status.
35
What should you check for in **circulation**?
* Pulse * Skin color/temp * Major bleeding ## Footnote Assessing circulation is vital for identifying shock.
36
What are signs of **shock**?
* Pale, cool, sweaty * Fast pulse * Weakness * Confusion ## Footnote Care includes laying flat, keeping warm, controlling bleeding, and immediate transport.
37
What does the **secondary assessment** involve?
* Full body check * Vitals * SAMPLE history ## Footnote This assessment provides comprehensive information about the patient.
38
What are **assessment tools** used in patient evaluation?
* SAMPLE * DOTS * OPQRST * DCAP-BTLS ## Footnote These tools help in systematic assessment of the patient.
39
What is the **correct order of assessment**?
* Scene size-up * Primary assessment * ABCs * Vitals * Secondary assessment * SAMPLE * Reassessment ## Footnote Following this order ensures thorough evaluation.
40
What are examples of **medical instruments** used by EMRs?
* BP cuff * Stethoscope * Pulse oximeter * Glucometer * Trauma shears * CPR mask * Penlight ## Footnote These instruments aid in patient assessment and care.
41
How do we **breathe** simply explained?
* Diaphragm contracts → lungs fill with air * Air enters alveoli → oxygen goes into blood * Diaphragm relaxes → air moves out ## Footnote Understanding this process is fundamental to respiratory health.
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