Untitled Class > EMR Test > Flashcards

EMR Test Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

Superior (Cranial)

A

Toward the head; e.g., the head is superior to the abdomen.

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2
Q

Inferior (Caudal):

A

Toward the feet; e.g., the feet are inferior to the head.

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3
Q

Anterior (Ventral)

A

Front of the body; e.g., the chest is anterior to the spine.

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4
Q

Posterior (Dorsal):

A

Back of the body; e.g., the spine is posterior to the stomach.

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5
Q

Medial

A

Toward the midline of the body; e.g., the nose is medial to the eyes.

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6
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline; e.g., the ears are lateral to the nose.

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7
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to the point of attachment; e.g., the shoulder is proximal to the hand.

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8
Q

Distal

A

Farther from the point of attachment; e.g., the fingers are distal to the elbow.

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9
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

Divides the body into left and right halves.

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10
Q

Midsagittal

A

Exactly down the midline.

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11
Q

Parasagittal

A

Offset from the midline.

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12
Q

Frontal (Coronal) Plane

A

Divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) parts.

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13
Q

Transverse (Horizontal) Plane

A

Divides the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) parts.

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14
Q

Anatomical Position

A

-Standing upright
-Feet flat, slightly apart
-Arms at sides
-Palms facing forward
-Head level, eyes forward
-This standardized position allows consistent description of body parts and movements

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15
Q

Dorsal Cavity

A

Cranial Cavity: Contains the brain.
Vertebral (Spinal) Cavity: Contains the spinal cord.

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16
Q

Ventral Cavity

A

-Thoracic Cavity:
Contains lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea.
Divided by the mediastinum (which contains the heart and esophagus).
-Abdominal Cavity:
Contains stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, kidneys.
-Pelvic Cavity:
Contains bladder, reproductive organs, rectum.

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17
Q

Respiratory

A

Function:Gas exchange.
Key Structures:Lungs, trachea, bronchi

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18
Q

Cardiovascular

A

Function:Circulate blood. Key Structures:Heart, blood vessels

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19
Q

Nervous

A

Function Control & coordinate. Key Structures:Brain, spinal cord, nerves

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20
Q

Integumentary

A

Function:Protection, regulation. Key structures: Skin, hair, nails

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21
Q

Endocrine

A

Function:Hormone regulation. Key structures :Glands (pituitary, thyroid)

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22
Q

Digestive

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A

Function:Nutrient absorption. Key structures: Stomach, intestines

23
Q

Urinary

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A

Function:Waste removal. Key structures: Kidneys, bladder.

24
Q

Reproductive

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A

Function:Reproduction Key structures: Ovaries, uterus (women)

25
Muscular
Function:Movement, heat. Key structures: Skeletal muscles
26
Skeletal
Function: Support, protection. Key Structures:Bones, cartilage
27
Respiratory System Structures
Structures Nasal cavity: Warms, moistens, filters air. Pharynx & Larynx: Passage for air, voice box. Trachea: Windpipe, directs air to lungs. Bronchi: Main air passages into lungs. Lungs: Contain alveoli for gas exchange.
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Ventilation
Mechanical movement of air in and out of lungs.
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Respiration
Cellular process where oxygen is used to produce energy (ATP) and CO₂ is produced as waste.
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Right Atrium
Receives deoxygenated blood from body.
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Right Ventricle
Pumps blood to lungs via pulmonary artery.
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Left Atrium
Receives oxygenated blood from lungs.
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Left Ventricle
Pumps oxygen-rich blood to body via aorta.
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Arteries(Blood vessle)
Carry blood away from heart; usually oxygen-rich.
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Veins
Carry blood toward heart; usually oxygen-poor.
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Capillaries
Tiny vessels where exchange occurs
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Overall Function( Cardiovascular system)
Transport nutrients, oxygen, hormones Remove waste products Maintain blood pressure
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Nervous System Autonomic vs Somatic
Autonomic: Controls involuntary functions (heart rate, digestion). Sympathetic: Fight or flight response. Parasympathetic: Rest and digest. Somatic: Controls voluntary movements, reflexes
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Integumentary System Functions
Protects underlying tissues Regulates temperature (sweating/shivering) Sensory reception (touch, pain) Synthesizes vitamin D when exposed to sunlight
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Endocrine System Functions
-Produces hormones that regulate growth, metabolism, reproduction, mood. -Major glands: pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads.
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Digestive System Functions
Mechanical digestion: chewing, churning Chemical digestion: enzymes break down food Nutrient absorption: in small intestine Waste elimination: in large intestine
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Major Structures
Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, pancreas
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Urinary System Functions
Remove nitrogenous wastes (urea, uric acid) Regulate water and electrolyte balance
44
Structures
Kidneys: Filter blood Ureters: Transport urine to bladder Bladder: Stores urine Urethra: Excretes urine outside
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Reproductive System (Women) Functions
Produce eggs (ova) Support fertilization and pregnancy Provide environment for fetal development
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Basic Structures
Ovaries (produce eggs) Fallopian tubes (transport eggs) Uterus (fetal development) Vagina (birth canal)
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Muscular System Types of Muscles
Skeletal: Voluntary, attached to bones, responsible for movement. Smooth: In walls of internal organs, involuntary. Cardiac: Heart muscle, involuntary, rhythmic contractions.
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Functions
Movement Posture Heat production (shivering)
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Skeletal System Parts
Axial Skeleton: Skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage. Appendicular Skeleton: Limbs and girdles.
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Axial Skeleton Details Spinal Column
Cervical Vertebrae: 7; supports head, allows neck movement. Thoracic Vertebrae: 12; articulate with ribs. Lumbar Vertebrae: 5; support lower back.
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Girdles
Pectoral Girdle: Scapula (shoulder blade), clavicle (collarbone). Thoracic Cage: Ribs (12 pairs), sternum (breastbone). Pelvic Girdle: Pelvis, pubic symphysis, ilium (iliac crest).
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Pelvis
Supports spinal column Protects reproductive organs Attaches lower limbs
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Appendicular Skeleton Details Upper Extremities
Humerus: Upper arm bone. Radius & Ulna: Forearm bones; radius on thumb side, ulna on pinky side.
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