Endo

Question 1

What is Kallmann syndrome?

Answer 1

mutation in KAL-1 or FGFR-1 → failure of GnRH secreting neurons to migrate to hypothalamus from olfactory placode → delayed puberty and anosmia

Question 2

What is metyrapone?

Answer 2

blocks the last step in cortisol synthesis (via 11β-hydrodxylase) → build up of 11-deoxycortisol and 17-hydroxy-corticosteroids if there is a normal HPA axis

Question 3

What are the three ways to inhibit the thyroid?

Answer 3

1. Anion inhibitors (perchlorate, pertechnetate) - competitively inhibit sodium iodide sympoter (NIS)
2. Thionamines (methimazole, propylthiouracil) - inhibit thyroid peroxidase
3. Iodide salts - inhibit synthesis and release of thyroid hormones

Question 4

Does cushing’s cause hyperplasia or hypertrophy of the adrenal cortex?

Answer 4

hyperplasia: ACTH stimulates cellular proliferation

Question 5

What nuclei are ADH and oxytocin produced in?

Answer 5

ADH: supraoptic
Oxytocin: paraventricular