What is found in 80% of pts with DMI?
Antibodies against GAD-65
Ketone development is seen in which type of DM?
Type I
A serum fasting (at least 8 hours) blood glucose of what or above on more than one occasion is diagnostic for DM?
126
An A1C of what or above is diagnostic for DM?
6.5%
What is the optimal insulin regimen?
A basal insulin plus a mealtime bolus of rapid or short acting insulin
What occurs with the Somogyi effect?
The pt will be hypoglycemic at 3am but have rebound hyperglycemia at 7am
How do you treat the Somogyi effect?
Reduce or omit bedtime dose of insulin
What occurs with the Dawn phenomenon?
Blood glucose becomes progressively elevated throughout the night, with resulting elevated BS at 7am
How do you prevent Dawn phenomenon?
Add or increase bedtime dose of insulin
What are the three components of Syndrome X?
Obesity, HTN and abnormal lipid profiles
Waist circumference is equal to or above what in metabolic syndrome?
Above 40 inches in men and above 35 inches in women
BP is above or equal to what in metabolic syndrome?
Above 135/85
Triglycerides are equal to or above what in metabolic syndrome?
150
Fasting BG is equal to or above what in metabolic syndrome?
100
HDL is below what in metabolic syndrome?
Below 40 in men and below 50 in women
Will you see ketones in the blood or urine in DMII?
No
What is the starter drug of choice in DMII?
Metformin
What is the major potential complication of metformin?
Lactic acidosis
What is the second line therapy class of drugs for DMII?
GLP-1 agonist
What are two potential complications of GLP-1 agonists?
Thyroid CA and pancreatitis
What is the dosing for insulin for DKA?
0.1 units/kg as a bolus followed by 0.1 units/kg/hr drip
What is the most common presentation of hyperthyroidism?
Grave’s disease
In a hyperthyroid pt, what happens to TSH and T3?
TSH is low and T3 is high
What med is given for symptomatic management in hyperthyroid?
Propranalol
