endocrine

Question 1

Complications of obesity

Answer 1

• Type 2 diabetes
• Gallbladder disease
• Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
• Gout

Obesity increases the risk of the following cancers:

Question 2

Indication of pharmacological therapy for obesity

Answer 2

• BMI ≥30 kg/m2 OR

- BMI ≥27 kg/m2 with obesity (adiposity) related complications

Question 3

Pharmacological Therapy options for obesity

Answer 3

a. liraglutide
b. naltrexone/bupropion(in a combination tablet)
c. orlistat

Question 4

indications for bariatric surgeries for obesity

Answer 4

• BMI ≥40 kg/m² OR
• BMI ≥35 - 40 kg/m² with an obesity (adiposity) related complication OR
• BMI ≥30 kg/m² with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes

Question 5

types of bariatric surgery for obesity

Answer 5

a. Sleeve gastrectomy
b. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
c. Biliopancreatic diversion with/without duodenal switch

Question 6

definition of obesity

Answer 6

Obesity is operationally defined as a BMI exceeding 30 kg/m2 and is subclassified into class 1 (30–34.9), class 2 (35–39.9) and class 3 (≥ 40)

Question 7

what is the 5As Framework for Obesity Management in Adults

Answer 7

1. Ask
2. Assess
3. Advice:
   Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) and Physical
4. Activity
5. Agree
6. Assist

Question 8

best iron supplement for adult and children

Answer 8

Adult: ferrous fumarate
children: ferrous sulfate

Question 9

What are the thalassemia testing?

Answer 9

• Anemia work-up
• Iron studies
• Hemoglobin electrophoresis

Question 10

risk factors of Vitamin B12 deficiency

Answer 10

• Gastric surgery (gastric parietal cells produce intrinsic factor)
• strict vegan
• breastfed children of #2
• elderly
• psychiatric

Question 11

what are the diagnostic tests for pernicious anemia

Answer 11

• Vitamin B12 level
• when B12 low, check anti-intrinsic factor antibody
  if positive, confirm pernicious anemia

Question 12

Management for anemia

Answer 12

• transfusion if
  1) hemoglobin < 70 AND
  2) symptomatic

Find causes

• reduced intake
• loss: menstrual, GI bleeding
• destruction: marathon runner

Investigation:

• colonoscopy
• urinalysis