NURS 305 - Exam 2 > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

What 3 hormones are secreted by the thyroid gland?

A
  • Thyroxine (T4)
  • Triiodothyronine (T3)
  • Calcitonin
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2
Q

Thyroxine (T4) is converted to ______ peripherally

A

Triiodothyronine (T3)

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3
Q

The thyroid gland is responsible for ______

A

BMR

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4
Q

Are the following manifestations of hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism?

  • Bradycardia
  • Constipation
  • Weight gain
A

Hypothyroidism

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5
Q

What are the manifestations of hypothyroidism? (3)

A
  • Facial edema
  • Fatigue
  • Intolerance to cold
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6
Q

Patients with hypothyroidism are lacking ______

A

T3 and T4

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7
Q

Describe the mechanism of action of synthroid (3)

A
  • Increases metabolic rate –> converts T4 to T3
  • Increases catecholamine sensitivity –> increases cardiac output
  • Increases renal blood flow / GFR –> diuretic effect
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8
Q

What are the side effects of synthroid? (2)

A
  • Diaphoresis
  • Weight loss
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9
Q

What are the adverse effects of synthroid? (2)

A
  • Osteoporosis
  • Seizures
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10
Q

Tube feedings ______ absorption of synthroid

A

Decrease

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11
Q

Describe the nursing considerations of synthroid (2)

A
  • Long half-life - single dose per day
  • Stop tube feed before and after administration
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12
Q

Describe the administration of synthroid (3)

A
  • In the morning
  • 30 - 60 minutes prior to food
  • With full glass of water
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13
Q

When does the maximum therapeutic effect of synthroid occur?

A

4 - 6 weeks

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14
Q

What are the routes of synthroid? (2)

A
  • PO
  • IV
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15
Q

IV synthroid is rarely used and should be ______ of oral dose

A

50%

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16
Q

Are the following manifestations of hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism?

  • Tachycardia
  • Diarrhea
  • Weight loss
A

Hyperthyroidism

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17
Q

What are the manifestations of hyperthyroidism? (4)

A
  • Bulging eyes
  • Facial flushing
  • Finger clubbing
  • Intolerance to heat
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18
Q

Describe the treatment of hyperthyroidism (3)

A
  • Destruction of thyroid gland
  • Thyroidectomy
  • Antithyroid drugs
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19
Q

What are some examples of antithyroid drugs? (3)

A
  • Tapazole
  • PTU
  • Iodine-131
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20
Q

Describe the mechanism of action of tapazole

A

Inhibits synthesis of T3 / T4

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21
Q

Tapazole cannot inactivate already formed ______

A

Thyroid hormone

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22
Q

What is the primary side effect of tapazole?

A

Agranulocytosis

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23
Q

Describe the nursing considerations of tapazole (2)

A
  • Not safe during pregnancy / lactation
  • Monitor CBC - pancytopenia (low platelets)
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24
Q

When does the maximum therapeutic effect of tapazole occur?

A

12 weeks

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25
Describe the mechanism of action of PTU
Inhibits synthesis of T3 / T4
26
What is the primary concern of PTU?
Liver function
27
Describe the primary nursing consideration of PTU
Requires multiple doses per day
28
Describe the mechanism of action of iodine-131
Thyroid gland destruction
29
Describe the nursing considerations of iodine-131 (2)
- Not safe during pregnancy / lactation - Causes life-long hypothyroidism
30
When does the maximum therapeutic effect of iodine-131 occur?
8 - 12 weeks
31
Describe the nursing considerations of antithyroid medications (4)
- Avoid food high in iodine - Better tolerated with food - Combine to maintain blood levels - Do not stop abruptly
32
What is the primary adverse effect of thyroid drugs?
Dysrhythmias
33
What is the primary adverse effect of anti-thyroid drugs?
Leukopenia
34
______ is a growth hormone drug
Genotropin
35
Genotropin targets the ______
Anterior pituitary
36
What are the indications of genotropin? (2)
- Hypopituitary dwarfism - Wasting / cachexia from HIV
37
What are the routes of genotropin? (2)
- SQ - IM
38
Genotropin dosing is ______
Weight based
39
Describe the mechanism of action of desmopressin (DDAVP)
Mimics ADH —> retains water
40
What are the indications of desmopressin (DDAVP)? (3)
- Acute bleeding disorders - Diabetes insipidus - Nocturnal enuresis
41
What are the side effects of desmopressin (DDAVP)? (2)
- Hyponatremia - Water intoxication
42
Describe the nursing implications of desmopressin (DDAVP) (2)
- Daily weights - Monitor renal function
43
Genotropin should increase ______ in children
Growth
44
Desmopressin (DDVAP) should reduce ______ and decrease urinary output
Thirst
45
Steroids differ in what factors related to sodium and fluid retention? (3)
- Duration - Extent - Potency
46
The primary purpose of corticosteroids is to ...
Decrease inflammation
47
Prednisone is an intermediate acting ______
Glucocorticoid
48
______ is the most commonly used oral glucocorticoid for anti-inflammatory / immunosuppressant purposes
Prednisone
49
What is prednisone used to treat?
Exacerbations of chronic respiratory illnesses
50
Hydrocortisone is a short-acting ______
Glucocorticoid
51
20 mg of hydrocortisone = ______ of prednisone
5 mg
52
What is the primary side effect of hydrocortisone?
Sodium / water retention
53
What is hydrocortisone used to treat?
Chronic adrenal insufficiency
54
Which route of hydrocortisone has the lowest potency?
Topical
55
______ is the most commonly used injectable glucocorticoid drug
Solu-medrol
56
What is the route of solu-medrol?
IV
57
Injectable formulations containing benzyl alcohol cannot be given to children under ______
28 days of age
58
Describe the nursing considerations of corticosteroids (3)
- Monitor for edema - Monitor electrolytes - Do not take with alcohol, aspirin, or NSAIDs
59
Describe the administration of oral corticosteroids
Given with food
60
What can occur as a result of sudden discontinuation of corticosteroid drugs?
Drop in serum levels / cortisone
61
What are the routes of corticosteroids? (4)
- PO - IV - IM - Rectal
62
Fludrocortisone acetate is a ______
Mineralocorticoid
63
Describe the mechanism of action of fludrocortisone acetate (2)
- Sodium retention - Potassium excretion
64
What is the primary indication of fludrocortisone acetate?
Adrenocortical insufficiency (Addison's disease)
65
What is the primary side effect of fludrocortisone acetate?
Hypokalemia - monitor cardiac changes (U waves)
66
What are the adverse effects of fludrocortisone acetate? (2)
- Intracranial pressure - Seizures
NURS 305 - Exam 2
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