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endocrine Flashcards

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1
Q

most common cause of hyperpituitarism

A

adenoma in anterior lobe

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2
Q

unifrm polygonal cells arrayed in sheets or cords.

A

pituitary adenoma

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3
Q

distinguish pituitary adenomas from parenchyma

A

cellular monomorphism absence of significant reticular network

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4
Q

most frequent type of hyper functioning pituitary adenoma

A

prolactinomas

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5
Q

pituitary stones

A

prolactinomas

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6
Q

second most common type of functioning pituitary adenoma

A

somatotroph adenoma

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7
Q

dx somatotroph adenoma

A

inc GH & IGF 1 despite glucose oral load

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8
Q

develop n pt after surgical removal of adrenal glands for tx if cusings

A

nelson syndrme

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9
Q

causes of hypotpituitarism

A

non func ituitary adenoma
sheehan syd
pituitary apoplexy
empty sella syndrome

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10
Q

MEN 1

A

pituitray adenoma
hyperparatthyroidism
pancreatic tumor

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11
Q

assoc wt MEN 1

A

nonfunctioning pituitary adnoma

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12
Q

loss of trophic hormones
enlarged sella turcica with clinoid process erosions
bitemporal hemianopsia

A

nf pituitary adenoma

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13
Q

postpartum necrosis of ant pituitary

A

sheehan syndrome

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14
Q

ant pit enlarged without inc in blood supply

A

sheehan syndrome

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15
Q

sudden haemorrhage into the pituitary gland often into a pituitary adenoma

A

pituitary apoplexy

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16
Q

triad pituitary apoplexy

A

headache, diplopia, hypopituitarsism

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17
Q

excessive urination due to inability of the kidney to resorb water

A

DI

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18
Q

drugs causes NDU

A

lithium, demeclocycline

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19
Q

metastatic calcification of the collecting tubule basement membrane

A

nephrocalcinosis-NDI

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20
Q

CDI test

A

in > 50% from baseline

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21
Q

NDI test

A
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22
Q

CDi treatment

A

desmopressin

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23
Q

NDI tx

A

thiazide/ indomethacin

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24
Q

ADH excess resluting to hyponatremia

A

SIADH

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25
most common cause of SIADH
small cell carcinoma
26
sx SIADH
cerebral edema, hyponatremia
27
most common cause of hypopituitarism in children
craniophatryngioma
28
craniophatryngioma derived from
Rathkes pouch
29
craniophatryngioma mutation
WNT signaling pathway
30
craniophatryngioma: dystrophic calcification spongy reiticulum, wet keratin lamellae, peripheral palisading
adamantinomas craniophatryngioma
31
craniophatryngioma: adult, lack keratin, calcifications, cysts
papillary
32
hypothyroidism in infancy
cretinism
33
aka myxedema
gull dses
34
most common cause of hypothyroidism
hashimoto thyroiditis
35
hashimoto thyroiditis assoc with
CTL4 polymorphisms
36
hashimoto thyroiditisantibodies
antithyroglobulin, anti TPO
37
atrophic thyroid floociles lined with hurtle cells
Hashimoto thyroiditis
38
de quervain thyroiditis
subacute thyroiditis
39
trig erred by viral infection
subacute thyroiditis
40
most common cause of painful thyroid gland
subacute thyroiditis
41
chronic inflammatory infiltrate with multinucleate giant cells
subacute thyroiditis
42
painless thyroiditis
lymphocytic thyroiditis
43
lymphocytic infiltration wt hyperplastic germinal layers
lymphocytic thyroiditis
44
fibrous tissue replacement of thyroid
reidel thyroiditis
45
triad of Graves disease
hyperthyroidism, ophthalmopthy, dermopathy
46
enlarging of entire gland without producing nodularity
diffuse nontoxic goiter
47
geographic areas wt low level of iodine
diffuse nontoxic goiter
48
diffuse nontoxic goiter: stimulated follicular epithelium involutes to frm an enlarged, colloid rich gland
diffuse nontoxic goiter (Colloid)
49
most extreme thyroid enlargements
multinodular goiter
50
distinguish diffuse nontoxic goiter and follicular Ca
no capsule bet hyperplastic nodules and residual copressed thyorid
51
diffuse nontoxic goiter: autonomous nodule produce hyperthyroidism
plummer syndrome
52
solitary mass from follicular epithelium
thyroid adenma
53
follicular adenoma with oxyphilia
hurtle cell adenoma
54
most common primary thyroid Ca in adults and children
papillary TC
55
assoc with radiation exposure
papillary TC
56
psamomma bodies
papillary TC
57
orphan annie
papillary TC
58
most common TC presenting as solitary cold nodule
follicuar TC
59
neoplastic follicles invade BV
follicuar TC
60
Hurthle cell carcinoma
follicuar TC
61
undifferentiated tumours of the thyroid follicular epithelium
follicuar TC
62
nnueroendocrine neoplasm derived from parafollicular cells or C cells
medullary tyroid
63
produce calcitonin
follicuar TC
64
chief cell hyperplasia. abundant water clear cells
primary hyperplasia of parathyroid
65
end organ resistance to PTH
pseudohypoparathyroidism
66
hypoca, hyperphos, enc PTH
pseudohypoparathyroidism
67
leukocytic infiltrates in insulin
type 1 DM
68
glomerular lesions renal vascuar lesions pyelonephritis
diabetic nephropathy
69
kimmelsyeil wison nodules
DM
70
accumulation of sorbitol and AGEs
DM retinopathy
71
most common pancreatic endocrine neoplasm
insulinoma
72
whipple triad of Insulinoma
hypogly low plasma glucose relief of hypo when glucose is raised to Normal
73
solitary tumor composed of giant islet cells and amyloid deposits
insulinoma
74
nesidioblastosis
insulinoma
75
zollinger ellison syndrome
gastrinoma
76
malignant islet cells that secrete gastrin
zollinger ellison syndrome
77
locally invasive, marked anaplasia, peptic ulcer and unresponsive tot herapy
zollinger ellison syndrome
78
inc level of glucagon, mild DM, characteristic skin rash (necrolytic migratory erythema) and anemia
glucagonomas
79
caused by any condition that produce elevated glucocorticoid leves
hypercorticolism
80
crooke hyaline change in pituitary gland
cushing syndrome
81
diffuse hyperplasia of adrenal gland
ACTH dependent cushing syndrome
82
nodule in adrenal gland
ACTH independent
83
decreased renin angiotensin system and dec renin plasma act
1 hyperaldsteronism
84
causes of 2 hyperaldosterism
dec renal perfusion, arterial hypovolemia and edeema, pregnancy
85
spironolactone bodies
aldeosterone producing adenoma
86
most common enzyme deficiency in CAH
21 OH def
87
sx of 21 OH def
ambiguous genitalia precocious puberty in males hyptension
88
massive adrenal hemorrhage
wasterhaise Friedrichsen syndrome in meningococcemia
89
causes of primary adrenocortical insuf
rapid withdrawal of steroids
90
s/sx of adds ion doesn't occur unless
> 90% is destroyed
91
most common cause of adds ions dsw
autoimmune dse
92
irregulary shrunken gland wt variable lymphoid infiltrate
addsiosns dse
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