How to you calculate the midparental height?
- men = (FH + MH + 13)/2
- women = (FH + MH -13)/2
Constitutional growth delay is also called what?
late bloomers
What 3 endocrinopathies can cause growth delays?
- GH deficiency
- hypothyroid
- Cushing syndrome
____ year delay in the bone age compared with chronological age suggests endocrine or constitutional delay
> 2 year delay
What is the first sign of puberty in boys?
- growth of testis
What is the first sign of puberty in girls?
- breast development
* sometimes pubic hair
How is precocious puberty defined for black/white females or boys?
- black females = age 7
- white females = age 8
- boys = age 9
How is delayed puberty defined for males vs females?
- males = no change by 14
- females = no change by 13 OR no menarche by 5 yrs post start of pubertal changes (or >16 yrs)
Hyperpigmentation indicates an increase in what hormone? and what condition?
- ACTH
- primary adrenal insufficiency
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is caused by a lack of what enzyme?
- 21 Hydroxylase
What is the cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia?
- defect in cortisol synthesis leads to increased androgen production
What is the hallmark sign of congenital adrenal hyperplasia in females?
- ambiguous genitalia
What hormone will be elevated in CAH?
- 17-OH progesterone
What is the treatment for CAH?
- replace cortisol
What is the hallmark sign of posterior urethral valves?
- bilateral hydronephrosis
What is the treatment for posterior urethral valves?
- primary transurethral valve ablation
All boys who present with an UTI in the first year of life need to be assessed for this condition.
posterior urethral valves
*VCUG
Cryptorchidism increases the risk of what type of cancer?
- seminoma
* second risk = infertility
An orchidopexy for treatment of cryptorchidism decreases the risk of what?
- infertility
* does not remove malignancy risk
How much time does a patient have to treat testicular torsion with surgery?
< 6 hours
If you perform the cremasteric reflex in a patient with testicular portion what would you expect the findings to be?
absent cremasteric reflex
What is the diagnostic test of choice for testicular torsion?
- color flow doppler US
* absence of blood flow to testis
A blue dot sign is consistent with what condition?
- torsion of appendix testis
What is the most common pediatric acquired renal failure?
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)
