endocrine principles

Question 1

what makes steroid hormones unique?

Answer 1

-hydrophobic (can go through cell membranes
-has membrane receptors and/or nuclear receptors

Question 2

steroid hormones other

Answer 2

-synthesized on demand from precursors
-bound to carrier proteins
-turns genes on and off
-target is induction of new protein synthesis

Question 3

peptide hormone examples

Answer 3

insulin, parathyroid hormone
-receptor in cell membrane

Question 4

steroid hormone examples

Answer 4

estrogen, androgens, cortisol
-receptors in cytoplasm or nucleus, some have membrane

Question 5

amine hormone examples

Answer 5

-epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine (cell membrane)
-thyroxine (T4) (nucleus)

Question 6

peptide hormones are made ______ and act using_____

Answer 6

made in advance like every other protein; membrane receptors

Question 7

peptide hormones other

Answer 7

-exocytosis from parent cell
-dissolved in plasma
-target is synthesis of proteins or modification

Question 8

what are the three aspects of hormone response

Answer 8

1.how much hormone do I have?
2.how many receptors do I have to receive it?
3.what kind of receptors are they and where are they?

Question 9

HPA axis

Answer 9

affects stress
-PVN of hypothalamus
-ADH and CRH are released to anterior pituitary
—stimulate ACTH
-ACTH stimulate cortisol, glucocorticoids, mineral corticoids, and DHEA
—DHEA is synthesized into sex hormone

Question 10

HPG axis

Answer 10

affects reproduction
-hypothalamus produces GnRH
-to anterior pituitary stimulate release of LH and FSH
—LH and FSH trigger testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone