Endocrine System

Question 1

What structures are included in the endocrine glands?

Answer 1

• pituitary
• thyroid
• parathyroid
• adrenal glands
• pineal glands

Question 2

What are 4 functions of hormones?

Answer 2

• help regulate
  
  • chemical composition and vol of internal environment
  • metabolism and energy balance
  • contraction of smooth and cardiac muscle fibres
  • glandular secretions
  • immune activities
• control growth and development
• regulate operation of reproductive systems
• help establish cardiac rhythms

Question 3

ns vs es mediator molecules

Answer 3

ns:
- neurotransmitters released locally in response to nerve impulses
es:
- hormones delivered to tissues throughout body by blood

Question 4

ns vs es site of mediator action

Answer 4

ns:
- close to site of release, at synapse; binds to receptors in postsynaptic membrane
es:
- far from site of release; binds to receptors on or in target cells

Question 5

ns vs es types of target cells

Answer 5

ns:
- muscle (smooth, cardiac, and skeletal) cells
- gland cells
- other neurons
es:
- cells throughout body

Question 6

ns vs es time to onset of action

Answer 6

ns:
- typically within milliseconds
es:
- seconds to hours or days

Question 7

hormone action

Answer 7

• affect only specific target cells that have the specific protein receptors to bind to a given hormone
• either lipid-soluble (steroids, thyroid hormones and nitric oxide) or water-soluble (modified amino acids, peptides, and proteins)
• secretion is controlled by signals from the ns, blood chemistry and other hormones