What is the function of the endocrine system?
secrete chemicals, hormones into blood
What are target cells?
cells with receptor specific for that hormone
Steroids are synthesized from?
cholesterol
What are some examples of steroids?
testosterone, estrogen, vitamin D
What is an example of thyroid hormone? Describe it.
thyroxine/ T4 which is lipid soluble and controls cellular metabolism
what hormones are responsible for short term stress?
epinephrine and norepinephrine (catecholamines)
oxytocin, insulin, ADH, GH are water soluble ___________ hormones.
peptide + protein
Where is the pituitary gland located?
suspended in the hypothalamus and is in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bine
What are the two lobes of the pituitary gland?
Anterior Pituitary
Posterior Pituitary
List 3 metabolism hormones and their functions.
- Growth Hormone- promotes growth and metabolism
- Thyroid Stimulating Hormone- stimulate secretion of thyroid
- Adrenocorticotropic Hormone- stimulate secretion of adrenal steroids
List 3 reproductive hormones
- Luteinizing Hormone
- Follicle Stimulating Hormone
- Prolactin
What stimulates milk formation?
prolactin
What is the function of the posterior pituitary?
store hormones produced in the hypothalamus
What are some hormones that can be found in the posterior pituitary? What are their functions?
- Oxytocin- stimulate uterine contractions and milk ejection
- ADH- water reabsorption in kidney
Where is the thyroid gland located? What does it look like?
anterior surface of the superior part of the trachea, butterfly shaped
What do the follicles of the thyroid gland produce?
T4
What do Parafollicular cells secrete?
calcitonin
What is calcitonin?
increase the calcium ion uptake into bone (bone formation) which lowers blood calcium ion
How many glands are embedded in the posterior thyroid of the parathyroid glands?
4
what do parathyroid glands secrete?
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
What are the two parts of the adrenal glands?
adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla
what are the three layers of the adrenal cortex and what hormones do each secrete and what is their function?
- Zona Glomerulosa = mineralocorticoids for salt balance
- Zona Fasciculata = glucocorticoids for long-stress hormone and carb metabolism
- Zona Reticularis = androgens + small amounts of testosterone for sex drive
What are the two main hormones in the adrenal medulla?
Epinephrine (80%)
Norepinephrine (20%)
Pancreatic Islets of Langerhans has 4 cell types. Name two and describe each.
- a-cells: produce glucagon that increases glucose
- b-cells: produce insulin that decreases glucose
