What is an imbalance of ACTH called?
Addison’s disease or Cushing syndrome
Why is the hypothalamus the control center and why is the pituitary the master gland?
The hypothalamus secretes signal to inhibit or secrete a certain hormone (controls and inhibits secreting hormones from the pituitary gland)
The pituitary gland receives signal and secrete or stops secreting that hormone (controls what is secreted)
What does the endocrine’s system do mainly?
Acts a slower rate to control homeostasis in the body by secreting hormones and transportation to target cells
What are the hormones secreted by the anterior and posterior lines?
Anterior- ACTH,TSH and GH
Posterior- oxytocin and anti diuretic hormone (vasopressin)
What is Cushing syndrome?
The overproduction of ACTH
What is acromegaly?
An adult onset of excess growth hormones results in enlargement of peripheral body parts
What is diabetes inspidus?
Diabetes inspidus is characterized by excess dilute urine and extreme thirst
Low ADH - can’t hold on to water
What are some clinical manifestations of diabetes inspidus?
A daily urine output of greater than 250 ml/hr very dilute urine, decreased specific gravity, excessive thirst, hypotension, tachycardia, dry mucous membranes and weak thready pulses
What is SIADH? Manifestations? Treatment and Interventions?
- An excessive release of ADH
- Retaining fluids, water intoxication cellular edema, weight gain, weakness,headaches, dark yellow concentrated urine
- Dilutional hyponatremia in the blood
Blood tests think dilute
Urine think concentrated
Nursing care for diabetes inspidus?
Restrict fluids first priority
Use normal saline instead of water
Monitor I and o
Monitor vs
Monitor for s/s of fluid overload
What is hyperthyroidism? What is another name for it? What can cause it?
- Aka Graves Disease
- excessive circulating thyroid hormones
- An autoimmune disorder or may appear with extreme stress and shock or infection
What are the signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism?
- normal body functions are exaggerated producing a hypermetabolic state
- hyperactivity: goiter: throbbing, thrill, and bruit, heat intolerance (sweating), weight loss, tachycardia and palpitations, anxiety, exophthalmos ( eyes protruding)
What is Hypothyroidism ? What causes it?
- a low level of circulating thyroid hormones
- TSH levels are increased
- causes:? autoimmune, meds and thyroid removal also iodine deficiency
What are the signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism?
lethargy, slow mentation, weight gain, constipation, dry brittle hair, cold intolerance, and generalized slowing of body function
What is the medication of choice for hypothyroidism?
Levothyroxine
What is Addison’s disease?
An underproduction of ACTH which results in decreased cortisol levels
What is Addison’s disease?
Addison’s disease is a underproduction of ACTH hormone
What are the signs and symptoms of a patient with addison’s disease?
Weight loss, craving for salt, hyperpigmentation of the skin, weakness and fatigue, hypotension, dehydration, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia
What are some causes of addison’s disease ?
- an autoimmune
- radiation of the abdomen
- cancer
- steroid withdrawal
What is acute adrenal insufficiency?
a life threatening event in which the amount of cortisol is to low for the stress level on the body
Patient centered care for a pt with Addison disease?
- preventing circulatory shock
- monitoring fluid and electrolyte imbalances
- hyponatremia, hyperkalemia
- administer normal saline
- administer hydrocortisone
- ## Monitor and treat hypoglycemia
If someone has addison’s disease what should you know to do in times of stress?
Increase dosage during periods of stress or illness
