Endocrine System

Question 1

Adenohypophysis is another name for what gland?

Answer 1

ANTERIOR pituitary gland

Question 2

Neurohypophysis is another name for what gland?

Answer 2

POSTERIOR pituitary gland

Question 3

Hormones that are whole proteins , shorter chains of amino acids, single amino acids are ?

Answer 3

NON STEROIDS hormones

Question 4

Nonsteroid hormones work according to which mechanism?

Answer 4

Second messenger mechanism

Question 5

This messenger delivers its chemical message from the cells of an endocrine gland to highly specific membrane receptor sites on the target cell

Answer 5

FIRST messenger

Question 6

Interaction between a hormone and its specific receptor site is compared to the fitting of a unique key into a lock, this is known as the

Answer 6

lock and key model of chemical activity

Question 7

Chemical reactions activate molecules within the cell called

Answer 7

SECOND messengers

Question 8

Which type of messenger do nonsteroid hormones serve as ?

Answer 8

FIRST messengers

Question 9

Which hormone (in women) stimulates DEVELOPMENT of ovarian follicles and secretion of estrogens / (in men) growth of testes and produce sperm ?

Answer 9

FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE (FSH)

Question 10

Which hormone stimulates secretion of adrenal cortex hormones?

Answer 10

ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE (ACTH)

Question 11

Which hormone (in women) stimulates MATURATION of ovarian follicles , secretion of estrogen , and triggers OVULATION?

Answer 11

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Question 12

Which hormone stimulates retention of water by the kidneys

Answer 12

ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE (ADH)

Question 13

Which hormone stimulates contractions in pregnancy and the release of milk?

Answer 13

OXYTOCIN (OT)

Question 14

What hormones stimulate energy METABOLISM of all cells ?

Answer 14

Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3)

Question 15

Which hormone stimulates the breakdown of bone, causing an increase in blood calcium ?

Answer 15

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 16

Which hormone regulates electrolyte and fluid homeostasis

Answer 16

Aldosterone (mineralocorticoids)

Question 17

Which hormones are located in the anterior pituitary gland?

Answer 17

TSH , ACTH , FSH , LH , GH , PRL

Question 18

Which hormones are located in the posterior pituitary gland ?

Answer 18

ADH , OT

Question 19

Which hormones are located in the thyroid ?

Answer 19

T4 , T3, CT

Question 20

Which hormones are located in the adrenal CORTEX ?

Answer 20

MC’s (aldosterone), GC’s (cortisol), sex hormones (androgens)

Question 21

Which hormones are located in the adrenal MEDULLA ?

Answer 21

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 22

Hormones that are small and lipid soluble (ex: estrogen)

Answer 22

STEROID hormones

Question 23

The regulation of hormone levels in the blood depends on a highly specialized homeostatic mechanism called

Answer 23

NEGATIVE feedback

Question 24

Why is homeostatic mechanism a negative feedback control mechanism?

Answer 24

Because it reverses the change

Question 25

Another name for tissue hormones that diffused only a short distance to act on cells within that tissue , influencing activity of neighboring cells

Answer 25

Prostaglandins (PG’s)

Question 26

What does prostaglandins influence?

Answer 26

respiration , blood pressure , gastrointestinal secretions , inflammation , and reproductive system

Question 27

Which gland is no larger than a pea

Answer 27

Pituitary Gland

Question 28

The small depression of the sphenoid bone that is shaped like a saddle where the pituitary gland lies is called the

Answer 28

Sella Turcica (Turkish saddle)

Question 29

Which gland is known as the master gland?

Answer 29

ANTERIOR pituitary (Adenohypophysis)

Question 30

Too much INSULIN in the blood produces (hypo/hyper glycemia)

Answer 30

HYPOglycemia (LOWER than normal blood glucose concentration)

Question 31

Too much GROWTH HORMONE produces (hypo / hyper glycemia)

Answer 31

HYPERglycemia (HIGHER than normal blood glucose concentration)

Question 32

Which disease develops if the anterior pituitary gland secretes too much growth hormone after the normal growth years causing enlargement of the bones of the hands, feet, jaw, and cheeks

Answer 32

Acromegaly (MEGA=TOO MUCH GH)

Question 33

A condition in which large volumes of urine are formed

Answer 33

Diabetes Insipidus

Question 34

ADH and oxytocin are RELEASED from the ?

Answer 34

Posterior lobe of pituitary gland

Question 35

ADH and oxytocin are PRODUCED in the ?

Answer 35

Hypothalamus

Question 36

What regulates body temperature , appetite, and thirst?

Answer 36

Hypothalamus

Question 37

A harmful excess of calcium in the blood is a condition called

Answer 37

Hypercalcemia

Question 38

A painless enlargement of the thyroid gland is called

Answer 38

Simple goiter

Question 39

Hyposecretion of thyroid hormones during the formative years leads to this condition that shows low metabolic rate, retarded growth/sexual development and mental retardation

Answer 39

Cretinism

Question 40

Later in life, deficient thyroid hormone secretion produces this disease that shows lessened mental/physical vigor, weight gain, loss of hair, and swelling of tissues

Answer 40

Myxedema

Question 41

Which hormone increases the concentration of calcium in the blood?

Answer 41

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 42

Which hormone stimulates bone reabsorbing cells or osteoclasts to increase their breakdown of the bones hard matrix?

Answer 42

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 43

The main function of this hormone is to INCREASE the amount of SODIUM and DECREASE the amount of POTASSIUM in the blood

Answer 43

Aldosterone (by influencing kidney tubules)

Question 44

The role of these is to help maintain normal blood glucose concentrations by breaking down tissue proteins to amino acids (especially in muscle cells)

Answer 44

Glucocorticoids

Question 45

A process that converts amino acids or fatty acids to glucose and mainly performed by liver cells

Answer 45

Gluconeogenesis

Question 46

What brings about a decrease in the number of certain cells that produce antibodies , substances that make us immune to some factors and allergic to others

Answer 46

Glucocorticoids

Question 47

What is epinephrine also known as?

Answer 47

Adrenaline

Question 48

Where are epinephrine / norepinephrine secreted from?

Answer 48

Adrenal MEDULLA

Question 49

This disease is large amounts of glucocorticoids from tumors of the adrenal cortex

Answer 49

Cushing syndrome

Question 50

Deficiency/hyposecrection of adrenal cortex hormones results in this disease

Answer 50

Addison Disease

Question 51

Another name for pancreatic islets

Answer 51

Islets of langerhans

Question 52

What secretes the pancreatic digestive juice & insulin

Answer 52

Pancreatic islets

Question 53

What do alpha cells secrete

Answer 53

Glucagon

Question 54

What do beta cells secrete

Answer 54

Insulin

Question 55

Excess glucose is filtered out of the blood by the kidneys and lost in the urine , producing this condition

Answer 55

Glycosuria

Question 56

What gland is composed largely of lymphocytes

Answer 56

Thymus

Question 57

What produces chorionic gonadotropins?

Answer 57

Placenta

Question 58

The outermost membrane that surrounds the baby during development in the uterus

Answer 58

Chorion

Question 59

Which gland mainly produces melatonin ?

Answer 59

Pineal

Question 60

What is secreted by epithelial cells lining the stomach and boosts appetite, slows metabolism, and reduces fat burning

Answer 60

Ghrelin

Question 61

Which hormone is secreted by cells in the wall of the hearts atria (upper chambers)

Answer 61

Atrial Natriuretic Hormone (ANH)

Question 62

What hormone is secreted by fat storing cells throughout the body , regulating how hungry/full we feel

Answer 62

Leptin