Pharmacology > Endocrine system > Flashcards

Endocrine system Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

Solubility of peptide/proteins

A

Water

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2
Q

Solubility of catecholamines

A

Water

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3
Q

Solubility of Iodothyronines

A

Lipid

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4
Q

Solubility of steroids

A

Lipid

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5
Q

Anterior pituitary hormones

A

GH, LH/FSH, TSH, ACTH, PRL

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6
Q

Posterior pituitary hormones

A

ADH, oxytocin

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7
Q

Drug to replace ADH and indications

A

Desmopressin

Used for neurogenic DI, primary nocturnal enuresis, and hemophilia A

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8
Q

Drugs to replace dopamine

A

Bromocriptine, Cabergoline

Used for hyperprolactinemia

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9
Q

Drug to replace GH

A

Somatropin

Used for growth failure

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10
Q

Drug to replace somatostatin

A

Octreotide

Used for acromegaly/gigantism, pancreatic/GI tumors

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11
Q

Drug to replace ACTH

A

Cosyntropin

Used for infantile spasms

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12
Q

Major androgens

A

Testosterone, DHT, and estrogen

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13
Q

Testosterone action

A

Spermatogenesis, muscle growth, bone growth, increased RBC

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14
Q

DHT action

A

Acne, male pattern baldness, prostatic hyperplasia

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15
Q

Therapeutic uses for endogeneous androgens

A

Male hypogonadism, decrease in testosterone with aging, genetics

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16
Q

Testosterone derivatives used for anabolic steroids

A

Methyltestosterone and nandrolone

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17
Q

DHT derivatives

A

Oxandrolone and Stanozol

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18
Q

Adverse effects of anabolic steroids

A

Increased HR and htn, polycythemia, increased liver enzymes and decreased clotting factors, glucose intolerance, increased risk of BPH, acne, baldness, aggressiveness

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19
Q

Treatment of BPH

A

5a reductase inhibitors to block production of DHT

Finasteride and Dutasteride

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20
Q

Most prevalent natural estrogen

A

17B-estradiol

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21
Q

Clinical uses for estrogen

A

Oral contraceptives, postmenopausal, hypogonadism, dysmenorrhea, abnormal uterine bleeding

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22
Q

Adverse effects of giving estrogen

A

Nausea, bloating, HA, thromboembolism, increased breast cancer and endometrial cancer risk

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23
Q

Contraindications for estrogen

A

Thromboembolitic disease, cerebral vascular disease, MI, CAD, smoking, breast CA, endometrial CA, known or suspected pregnancy, impaired liver function

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24
Q

Conjugated equine estrogens

A

Used for hormone replacement therapy

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25
Ethinyl Estradiol
Used in oral contraceptive pills
26
Raloxifene
Used to treat osteoporosis, does not increase risk of CA
27
Clomiphene
Increase ovulation | increases risk of multiple births
28
Natural progestins
Pregnenolone, 17a-hydroxypregnenolone, progesterone, 17a-hydroxyprogesterone
29
Progestins are precursors for
Androgens, estrogens, glucocorticoids
30
Effects of giving progestin
Maturation of endometrium, LH surge, breast growth
31
Clinical uses of progestin
Combo with estrogen to decrease risk of CA, progestin only OC for lactating women
32
Adverse effects of progestin
Weight gain, hirsutism, acne, tiredness, depression, glucose intolerance, increased LDL and decreased HDL
33
Adrenocortical steroids
Glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids | Involved in metabolism, blood pressure due to salt retention, immune system and inflammation, CNS
34
Main endogenous glucocorticoid
Cortisol
35
Therapeutic uses for glucocorticoids
Management of inflammatory disorders, immunosupressants, congenital defects in steroid synthesis, treatment of glucocorticoid deficiency, fetal lung maturity
36
Most common synthetic glucocorticoids
Hydrocortison, prednisolone, prednisone, betamethasone
37
Adverse effects of synthetic glucocorticoids
Drug induced cushing syndrome, ACTH suppression
38
Main endogenous mineralocorticoids
Aldosterone
39
Fludrocortisone
Used in patients with adrenal insufficiency
40
Goal of tx of type 2 diabetes
HbA1c <7%
41
Lispro + Aspart
5-5 min onset 1-1.5 hour peak 3-4 hour duration
42
Human regular insulin
30-60 min onset 2 hour peak 6-8 hour duration
43
Human NPH
2-4 hour onset 6-7 hour peak 10-20 hour duration
44
Glargine
1.5 hour onset flat- no peak 24 hour duration
45
Detemir
1 hour onset flat-no peak 17 hour duration
46
MOA of insulin admin
Insulin receptor stimulation activates tyrosine kinase receptor Causes up regulation of GLUT 4 increasing glucose uptake Increases glucose utilization in liver and muscle
47
Metformin
given PO for type 2 diabetes Does not increase insulin so does not cause hypoglycemia or weight gain Increases tissue sensitivity to insulin
48
Adverse effects of metformin
lactic acidosis, decreased absorption of folate and B12, GI upset
49
Sulfonylureas
Increase insulin release Block ATP dependent K+ channels in beta cells of pancreas First generation: -amide Second generation: gli -ide
50
Thiazolidinediones
Stimulate PPAR-gamma altering expression of insulin-responsive genes; sensitize tissues to insulin and decrease hepatic gluconeogenesis Similar to metformin
51
GLP-1 agonist
-glutides | GLP-1 is released by gut after oral administration of glucose: increases insulin and decreases glucagon
52
DPP-4 inhibitors
Prolong action of endogenous GLP-1 | -gliptins
53
Treatment of hypothyroidism
Levothyroxine- T4
54
Propylthiouracil and methimazole
Thyroid peroxidase inhibitors | Blocks formation of thyroid hormones-- tx for hyperthyroidism
55
Propranolol
Blocks conversion of T4 to T3 Used for symptomatic relief of hyperthyroidism Initial DOC in thyroid storm
56
Radioactive Iodine
Destroys thyroid gland
57
Vitamin D supplementation used for
Rickets, osteomalacia, hypothyroidism | No effect on osteoporosis
58
Biphosphanates
Stabilize hydroxyapatite bone structure Used for Paget disease and osteoporosis -dronate
59
Calcitonin
Inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption | Administered as intranasal spray for post menopausal osteoporosis
60
Teriparatide
PTH analog Stimulates osteoblasts if taken only once a day Increased risk of osteosarcoma
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