Endocrine System (Lecture)

Question 1

Exocrine vs Endocrine

Answer 1

Exocrine releases hormones into ducts and endocrine releases hormones in to the blood stream

Question 2

Target cells

Answer 2

Have receptors for specific hormone
i.e. APG -> TSH -> only thyroid cells have receptors for it

APG -> growth hormone -> all cells

Question 3

What is the pituitary gland?

Answer 3

Master gland

• sits in sella turcica; sphenoid bone
• PRL, TSH, GH, LH, FSH, ACTH
• oxytocin -> milk release
• ADH -> kidney water retention

Question 4

Thyroid gland

Answer 4

Releases TSH -> thyroid hormone -> regulates metabolism

• thyroid follicles -> contain thyroid hormone
• parafollicular cells -> calcitonin -> activates osteoblasts -> lowers blood calcium levels

Question 5

What is goiter?

Answer 5

• inflamed thyroid gland
• from iodine deficiency
• iodine needed for TH

Question 6

Parathyroid glands

Answer 6

Parathyroid hormone ->activate osteoclasts -> increase blood calcium levels

Question 7

Adrenal gland

Answer 7

Adrenal cortex
- steroid hormones (cortisol)

Adrenal medulla
- adrenaline (epinephrine)

Question 8

Pancreas

Answer 8

Digestive and endocrine organ

Question 9

What are pancreatic acini?

Answer 9

Exocrine glands that release digestive enzymes “pancreatic juice”

Question 10

What is Islet of Langerhans?

Answer 10

Endocrine glands that release:

insulin: decrease BGL; works on all cells

glucagon: increase BGL; acts on liver and adipose tissue to release glycogen

Question 11

Describe type I Diabetes

Answer 11

• juvenile onset
• autoimmune disorder
• attacks beta-cells
  Tx: insulin and immunosuppressant

Question 12

Describe type II diabetes

Answer 12

• adult onset
• result of poor diet and exercise
• increased resistance to insulin due to overexposure
  Tx: Exercise, diet, and medication