Endodontic materials

Question 1

types of stainless steel files

Answer 1

• barbed broaches
• reamers (historical)
• files (k file, flexofile and hedstrom file)

Question 2

tell me about barbed broaches

Answer 2

Question 3

what type of files are used for msot hand instrumentation

Answer 3

flexofiles

Question 4

technqiue for flexofiles

Answer 4

Question 5

what are Hedstroem files

Answer 5

• very stiff files
• can only be used in up and down motion
• today only used in retreatment cases to help remove gutta percha or an overfilling of the root canal

Question 6

characterisitics of NiTi alloy

Answer 6

Question 7

what is the advantage fo the superelastic NiTi (M wire)

Answer 7

improved fatigue resistance

• greater flexibility
• increased safety

Question 8

rotation speed and torque for pro glider

Answer 8

300rpm
2-5ncm

Question 8

what is controlled memory files

Answer 8

very flexible files with virtual no memory - allows file to adapt to root canal curvatures

Question 9

comparision between conventional NiTi and controlled memory and CM NiTi curved canals

Answer 9

conventional - NiTi
CM NiTi - controlled memory

Question 10

3 phases of M wire

Answer 10

1. deformed and microtwinned martensite
2. premartensititc R phase
3. Austenite

Question 11

available sizes of protaper gold instruments

Answer 11

21mm
25mm
31mm

Question 12

advantages of NiTi compared to SS

Answer 12

increased flexibility in larger sizes and tapers
increased cutting efficiency
better safety in use

Question 13

what taper should root canals be prepared to a minimum

Answer 13

6%

Question 14

what does a greater taper allow

Answer 14

more effective disinfection of the canal system

Question 15

uses of calcium hydroxide

Answer 15

interappointment canal medicament
pulp capping
apexification
durring root perforations, root fractures, root resorption
root canal sealer

Question 16

what does calcium hyrdroxide do

Answer 16

• generate induction of hard tissue deposition
• antibacterial
• reduces inflammation
• controls inflammatory root resorption

Question 17

what is a weeping canal

Answer 17

discharge persent in the canal at each opening

Question 18

what is apexification

Answer 18

the process after pulp death that allows a calcified barrier tp form across the open apex of an immature root

Question 18

indications of apexificiation

Answer 18

• vital radicular pulp in an immature tooth pulpotomy
• pulpless imature tooth with or without a peri-apical radiolucency

(MTA is now used)

Question 18

what in a perforation

Answer 18

an instrument breaches the apex of wall of the root canal

Question 18

what can be used to induce hard tissue deposition of perforate

Answer 18

calcium hydroxide

Question 18

where is internal root resorption initiated from

Answer 18

initiated from within the pulp

Question 19

where is external root resorption initiated from

Answer 19

initiated from outside the tooth

Question 20

how does internal resorption appear when in pulp chamber

Answer 20

pink spot

Question 21

how to repair a coronal root fracture

Answer 21

repair should be similar to apexificantion and create a barrier that allows coronal portion to be obturated

Question 22

what is this

Answer 22

internal resorption

Question 23

treatment for internal root resorption if not perforated

Answer 23

extricate pulp, dress CAOH, obturate with gutta percha

Question 24

treatment for internal root resorption if perforated

Answer 24

defect must be sealed, surgically if accessible or intracanal using MTA

Question 25

types of external resorption

Answer 25

1. surface resorption - self limiting 2. inflammatory resorption - apical or lateral canal 3. replacement resorption - trauma, replantation, luxation injuries, known as ankylosis 4. pressure resorption - erupting, impacted teeth, orthodontic tooth 5. systemic resorption - hyperparathyroidism, pagets disease, turner sndrome, gauchers syndrome 6. idiopathic - cervical external resorption

Question 26

what does idiopathic mean

Answer 26

disease or condition where the cause is unknown

Question 27

treatment for non-vital immature permanent incisor

Answer 27

apexification

Question 28

MTA apexification method -forming a hard barrier apically

Answer 28

- inserted to form a 4-5mm apical plug using endo plugger - radiograph taken to ensure the material is at the correct level as MTA sets very hard and difficult to remove - remainder of the canal filled with gutta percha at a subsequent visit

Question 29

what is an alternative technique to tx of a non vital immature tooth

Answer 29

revascularisation

Question 30

types of endo selaers

Answer 30

we mainly use CaOH

Question 31

what do bioceramic sealers usilitise to complete setting reaction

Answer 31

utilise moisture

Question 32

what are calcium silicates used in endo for

Answer 32

Question 33

name 1st and 2nd generation of calcium silicate cements

Answer 33

1st generation - mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) 2nd generation - Biodentine, bioaggregate

Question 34

MTA features

Answer 34

Question 35

Biodentine features

Answer 35