endodontics

Question 1

give reasons for obturating

Answer 1

• entomb remaining surviving microorganisms within the root canal system
• prevent ingress of fluid into root canal space which will promote the growth of surviving microorganisms
• prevent entry of microbes from the oral environment due to coronal leakage

Question 2

what are the functions of a sealer during endodontic treatment?

Answer 2

• lubricate the canal
• seal space between dentinal wall and core
• fill voids and irregularities within the canal and between GP cones during lateral compaction

Question 3

how many canals are found in each of the upper teeth?

Answer 3

1
1
1
2
1
4
3

Question 4

how many canals are found in each of the lower teeth?

Answer 4

1
1
1
1
1
3
3

Question 5

what is the role of paper points during endodontic treatment?

Answer 5

to ensure the canal is dry before medicating or obturating

Question 6

during instrumentation of the canal, where is the ideal end point for shaping and obturation?

Answer 6

apical constriction
cemental dentinal junction

Question 7

what 2 radiographs are taken during endodontic treatment to determine working length?

Answer 7

• corrected working length radiograph
• master-cone radiograph

Question 8

what are the principles of root canal shaping?

Answer 8

• develop a continuously tapering funnel from the canal orrifice to the apex
• maintain apical foramen in the original position
  keep the apical opening as small as possible

Question 9

what measurement must canal obturation be from the apex?

Answer 9

within 2mm of the radiographic apex

Question 10

what are the objectives of irritant in root canal treatment?

Answer 10

• disinfection
• flush out debris from the canal
• dissolve tissues in the canal
• lubricates root canal instruments
• removes the endodontic smear layer

Question 11

what is the primary endodontic irrigant and what concentration range is most effective?

Answer 11

sodium hypochlorite 3%
concentration ranges from 0.5-5.25%

Question 12

what are factors affecting the function of endodontic irrigants?

Answer 12

-have a broad antimicrobial spectrum
- able to dissolve tissues
- prevent formation of the smear layer
- little potential to cause anaphylactic reaction
- non-toxic to periodontal tissues

Question 13

What irritant is used if root canal is sclerosed

Answer 13

EDTA 17%

Question 14

What material is used as an internist medication and why

Answer 14

non-setting calcium hydroxide - it prevents infection

Question 15

what are the components of GP

Answer 15

20% Gutta percha
65% calcium hydroxide
10 % radio pacifier
5% plasticiser