Dental Materials > Endodontics > Flashcards

Endodontics Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

Pulp capping materials

A
  • calcium hydroxide
  • dentine bonding agents
  • calcium silicate-based cements
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2
Q

Materials for obturating points

A
  • metal points
  • gutta percha
  • thermoplastic polymer point
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3
Q

Canal sealer cements

A
  • calcium hydroxide
  • ZOE
  • resins
  • GICs
  • polydimethylsiloxanes
  • CSCs
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4
Q

CSCs are similar to …

A

Portland cement

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5
Q

Different constitutions of calcium silicate-based cement

A
  • powder and liquid in a 3:1 ratio
  • powder
  • liquid
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6
Q

Explain powder version of CSC

A
  • all contain calcium silicate
  • some contain other components like calcium aluminate
  • CaSO4.2H2O extends WT and ST
  • bismuth oxide is a radio-opacifier
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7
Q

Explain liquid version of CSC

A
  • ultra pure-water used in all products
  • calcium chloride added to some products to accelerate setting reaction
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8
Q

CSC are acidic/alkaline
Explain

A
  • alkaline
  • pH10 rises to around 12.5
  • neutralizes acids
  • antibacterial/biocompatible
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9
Q

When CSC powder is mixed with water, it forms what?

A

a sandy mixture

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10
Q

Setting of CSC

A
  • in presence of moisture
  • 2(3Ca3OSiO4) +6H2O ->3CaO.2SiO2.3H2O + 3Ca(OH)2
  • with 4 waters, makes 1 calcium hydroxide
  • this is the bi-product
  • initial set takes 15 mins
  • final set over 25
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11
Q

Objectives of endodontic treatment

A
  • provide a clean canal
  • provide apical seal
  • provide coronal seal
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12
Q

Why do we provide a clean canal in endodontics?

A
  • reduce bacteria to non-pathogenic levels
  • irrigans include 1-10% NaClO, EDTA, citric acid
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13
Q

Why do we provide an apical seal in endodontics?

A
  • prevent fluid getting into canal - potential bacterial nutrients
  • prevent irritants entering periapical tissues
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14
Q

Why do we provide a coronal seal in endodontics?

A
  • prevent recontamination due to ingress of micro-organisms
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15
Q

Current approach to endodontics to reach all goals

A
  • obturating points
  • canal sealer
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16
Q

Metals used in metal points

A
  • gold
  • silver
  • lead
  • tin
  • copper
  • titanium
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17
Q

Which is the most popular metal in metal points?
Why?
Still?

A
  • silver
  • bactericidal, rigid
  • poor adaption - relies on cement to make seal
  • corrosion - tissue discolouration
  • not used as much anymore
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18
Q

Explain Gutta Percha points

A
  • used for over 100 years
  • form of natural rubber (isoprene)
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19
Q

2 types of isoprene

A
  • cis
  • trans
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20
Q

Explain cis-isoprene

Study These Flashcards
A

(isoprene/ cis-isoprene)
- amorphous, flexible, soft
- needs crosslinks to harden (vulcanisation with sulphur) - thermoset

21
Q

Explain trans-isoprene

Study These Flashcards
A
  • gutta percha#
  • crystalline (around 60%), hard, rigid
  • thermoplastic - softens around 60-65 degrees, melts around 100 degrees
  • oxidises on light exposure and becomes brittle
22
Q

Difference between cis and trans isoprene

Study These Flashcards
A
  • CH2-CH2 bond at bottom in cis, H and CH3 on top not bonded
  • CH2-CH2 bond in trans on top with 2 H other side not bonded
23
Q

Explain the beta-phase Gutta Percha

Study These Flashcards
A
  • crystalline
  • formed by rapid cooling from high temp
  • used for cold packing
24
Q

Explain alpha-phase of gutta percha

Study These Flashcards
A
  • denser
  • formed by slow cooling from high temp
  • used for thermal packing
25
Composition of Gutta Percha
- 19-22% gutta percher - 59-75& zinc oxide - 1-17% heavy metal salt - 1-4% wax/resin
26
Role of Gutta percha
rubberR
27
Role of zinc oxide
filler
28
Role of heavy metal salt
radio-opacifier
29
Role of wax/resin
plasticiser
30
Ideal biocompatibility of canal sealers
- no inflam response if contacts vital tissues - bactericidal/bacteriostatic
31
Ideal sealing properties of canal sealers
- bacterial barrier more important than physical - easy to remove in failure
32
Ideal physical properties of canal sealer
- flow to thin film thickness - insoluble - radio-opaque
33
Non-setting calcium hydroxide cements apear how?
- slurry paste - calcium hydroxide and water - add methylcellulose for viscosity
34
Properties of non-setting calcium hydroxide cements
- can be removed - useful for inter-visit medication, apexifications - bactericidal - high pH against persistant infection - inhibits osteoclasts - high pH arrests root resorption - high viscosity - completely fill canal
35
How does setting calcium hydroxide cement appear?
- paste-paste system - many ingredients similar to traditional cement - long working time
36
Properties of calcium hydroxide cements
- high pH - bactericidal, biocompatible - high solubility - low strength
37
How is zinc oxide eugenol canal sealer similar to traditional cements?
- smaller particle size - improve flow - porous - decompose over time (zinc oxide and eugenol leach) - resins added to decrease solubility - low strength - effect of pores - antimicrobial - inflammatory - prevent leakage beyond apex
38
Explain zinc oxide eugenol canal sealer as a powder liquid system
- Rickert's formulation - contained silver which discolours dentine - thick film, short working time - and Grossman's sealer - replace silver with bismuth or barium, long working time
39
Explain paste-paste system of zinc oxide eugenol canal sealer
- e.g Tubil-seal - thin film - short working time
40
Resins are formulated to have ... properties Explain
- ideal - smooth paste with good flow and sealing - dimensionally stable, low shrinkage - long WT, short ST - adhesion to dentine and obturating materials - good biocompatibility (initially toxic but long term antibacterial) - potential for allergies however
41
2 most common resins
- epoxy-amine resin (AH plus) - polyvinyl resin (Diaket)
42
Features of epoxy-amine resin
- long working time - good viscosity - thin film
43
Features of polyvinyl resin
- rapid setting - viscous and sticky - difficult to manipulate
44
CSCs are similar to what material?
pulp capping material
45
Features of CSCs
- biocompatible (tertiary dentine deposition) - good seal (coronal and apex) - good WT and long ST (may need subsequent appointments) - difficult to manipulate (viscosity) - can lead to tooth staining (metallic adhesives the reason) - expensive
46
Features of GICs
- low shrinkage - short WT - thick films
47
Polydimethylsiloxanes are similar to ...
- impression material - addition silicone
48
Features of polydimethylsiloxanes
- good flow - thin films - dimensionally stable - biocompatible - no bond to dentine - not antibacterial
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