Energy generation and storage

Question 1

what are fossil fuels an example of

Answer 1

finite resources

Question 2

what are the 3 fossil fuels

Answer 2

• oil
• coal
• natural gas

Question 3

how does coal produce electricity

Answer 3

1. It’s crushed
2. The hot coal heats water, turning it into steam
3. The steam builds up to a very high pressure and this is used to spin a turbine
4. The turbine is connected to an electrical generator, which creates electricity

Question 4

advantages of fossil fuels

Answer 4

• generates a lot of energy
• reliable
• cost effective

Question 5

disadvantages of coal

Answer 5

• finite, will eventually run out
• Produces carbon dioxide when burned, contributing to global warming
• Damage is caused to natural land when mining takes place

Question 6

advantages of gas

Answer 6

emits less CO2 than oil and coal

Question 7

disadvantages of gas

Answer 7

• highly flammable
• extraction of gas may pollute water

Question 8

how is gas obtained

Answer 8

using fracking and breaking rocks

Question 9

how is nuclear power generated

Answer 9

using nuclear fission, the energy from the splitting is used to convert water into super-heated steam. This spins turbines connected to electrical generators to produce electricity

Question 10

advantages of nuclear power

Answer 10

• no harmful gases are released in the process
• more efficient than fossil fuels

Question 11

disadvantages of nuclear power

Answer 11

• Nuclear power stations have to close after around 40 years of use when the uranium becomes less efficient at heating the water
• Disposal of uranium is difficult and costly
• Cost of nuclear power stations is very large

Question 12

examples of renewable energy

Answer 12

• wind
• solar
• biomass
• tidal
• hydroelectric

Question 12

examples of renewable energy

Answer 12

• wind
• solar
• biomass
• tidal
• hydroelectric

Question 12

examples of renewable energy

Answer 12

• wind
• solar
• biomass
• tidal
• hydroelectric

Question 13

examples of renewable energy

Answer 13

• wind
• solar
• biomass
• tidal
• hydroelectric

Question 14

how is wind power generated

Answer 14

blades turn with the wind, driving a generator, which produces the electricity.

Question 15

disadvantages of solar and wind

Answer 15

weather dependent

Question 16

advantages of renewable

Answer 16

• less environmental impact
• low costs after initial

Question 17

disadvantages of renewable

Answer 17

• initial costs are quite high
• some are weather dependent
• some may disrupt habitats
• some look ugly

Question 18

properties of alkaline batteries

Answer 18

• disposable, non - rechargeable, once they go flat, they can’t be used again
• recyclable,
• last a long time
• leaks less than some disposable batteries which helps to reduce their environmental impact

Question 18

properties of alkaline batteries

Answer 18

• disposable, non - rechargeable, once they go flat, they can’t be used again
• recyclable,
• last a long time
• leaks less than some disposable batteries which helps to reduce their environmental impact

Question 19

properties of alkaline batteries

Answer 19

• disposable, non - rechargeable, once they go flat, they can’t be used again
• recyclable,
• last a long time
• leaks less than some disposable batteries which helps to reduce their environmental impact

Question 20

how many volts do AA and AAA batteries produce

Answer 20

1.5V

Question 21

how many volts do PP3 batteries produce

Answer 21

9V

Question 22

properties of rechargeable batteries

Answer 22

- can be recharged and reused after it goes flat - are more expensive to purchase than single-use batteries - more environmentally friendly as they can be used more than once -

Question 23

where are alkaline batteries used

Answer 23

in toys, remote controls, torches, clocks

Question 24

where are rechargeable batteries used

Answer 24

mobile hones, laptops, electric cars

Question 25

why are batteries potentially harmful for the environment

Answer 25

because they contain harmful chemicals and metals

Question 26

what are kinetic pumped storage systems

Answer 26

a fast-acting electrical energy storage system to top up the National Grid power supply at peak times when more electricity is needed.

Question 27

how do kinetic pumped storage systems work

Answer 27

having two reservoirs and a hydroelectric dam system