Energy Systems

Question 1

what does ATP stand for?

Answer 1

Adenosine tri-phosphate

Question 2

what does ATP do?

Answer 2

• Food we eat is turned into ATP
• To release the energy one of the phosphate molecules is broken off.
• This then turns it into ADP – di phosphate

Question 3

3 different energy systems and their sport duration?

Answer 3

• The ATP-PC system(3-10 seconds)
• The lactate system aka. anaerobic glycolysis (10seconds-1min)
• The Aerobic energy system- through KREBS and ETC (1min+)

Question 4

ATP-PC SYSTEM (3-10 SECONDS)

Answer 4

• stored in your muscles so once its gone its gone.
• PC stands for phospho-creatine.
• Phospho-creatine is another source of energy which along with ATP lasts 10 seconds
• PC is broken down by creatine Kinase – which releases the energy

Question 5

ATP-PC RECOVERY

Answer 5

Your body will start to resynthesise the ATP and get more stores of PC – as soon as you have some you can start to work again.

It takes 2-3 MINUTES to recover your stores (this is a positive as much quicker than other
systems)

Question 6

THE LACTIC ACID SYSTEM – ANAEROBIC
GLYCOLYSIS

Answer 6

• This is the breakdown of glycogen without oxygen to last about 1 minute (GLYCOLYSIS)
• This creates pyruvic acid
• If you are working aerobically we use this pyruvic acid to work the Krebs cycle to produce more energy
• If we don’t work aerobically the pyruvate turns into lactic acid which we
  know causes fatigue and stitches. Hence it only lasting 1 minute.

Question 7

AEROBIC ENERGY SYSTEMS

Answer 7

• when you work over 1min and use oxygen to resynthesise.

Question 8

PROS and CONS of
ATP-PC system and Lactate system (anaerobic)

Answer 8

+ immediate energy
+ doesn’t require o2
+ allows for high intensity

• takes a long time to fully recover
• limited stores
• tires quickly

Question 9

PROS and CONS of aerobic system

Answer 9

+ recovers way more ATP per glyc
+ tires slowly
+ uses negative Bi products of other systems

• takes time to kick in

Question 10

What are the two types of EPOC?

Answer 10

Fast component
Slow component

Question 11

Fast components of EPOC what does it do?

Answer 11

• immediately after exercise
• replenishes ATP
• replenishes PC stores
• cools your body
• replenish 02 stores in myoglobin

Question 12

Slow components of EPOC what does it do?

Answer 12

• a few minutes after exercise but can take hours till lactic acid is fully removed
• occurs in mitochondria
• removes lactic acid by:
• oxidizing with o2 to convert it into pyruvate
• take it back into liver turns it into glucose
• some is converted into protein
• some is weed out.

Question 13

Why is lactate bad?

Answer 13

• lactate accumulates
• causes increased H ions released
• increases acidity
• Acidity slows enzymes
• glucose is broken down less quickly

Question 14

3 factors affecting the rate of lactate accumulation

Answer 14

• Exercise intensity – High the intensity the more they will use anaerobic glycolysis which turns pyruvate into lactate.
• Muscle fibre type – fast twitch = quicker lactate
• Fitness of the performer – fitter = more mitochondria, myoglobin, capillaries so can get o2 supplies to keep working aerobically

Question 15

What is buffering?

Answer 15

a process which aids the removal of lactate to maintain acidity levels in the muscles

Question 16

what is VO2 Max

Answer 16

max amount of o2 that can be used by the muscles per minute

Question 17

3 factors affecting VO2 Max

Answer 17

• genetics
• age – the older you get the worse you get (body)
• gender – men 20% better naturally

Question 18

4 types of specialist training

Answer 18

• HIIT
• Plyometric training
• Altitude training
• SAQ training

Question 19

What does HIIT training involve?

Answer 19

short intervals of maximum intensity exercises

Question 19

What does HIIT training involve?

Answer 19

short intervals of maximum intensity exercises followed by a recovery interval of low to moderate exercise

Question 20

PAM (plyometric training)

Answer 20

Pre loading (eccentric phase)
Amortisation
Muscle contraction

Question 21

What does OBLA stand for?

Answer 21

onset of blood lactate accumulation

Question 22

What is OBLA?

Answer 22

-where blood lactate goes above 4 millimoles per litres.
- the point at which you begin to tire and work anaerobically

Question 23

The higher your lactate threshold is the better….because…

Answer 23

the better your vo2 max is because you can perform for longer due to the o2 breaking down the lactate

Question 24

Oxygen consumption =

Answer 24

the amount of o2 we use to create our ATP

Question 25

How can oxygen consumption be measured

Answer 25

a douglas bag as it collects all the gas we breathe out

Question 26

Slow twitch muscle fibres

Answer 26

- high numbers of mitochondria - high levels of myoglobin - high capillary density - slow to fatigue - low levels of force production - AEROBIC SYSTEM

Question 27

Fast oxidative glycolytic muscle fibres

Answer 27

- medium fast speed of contraction - high force level - high PC stores - quick to fatigue - pink - speed endurance events - LACTIC ACID SYSTEM

Question 28

How many ATP are produced in aerobic respiration?

Answer 28

34+2+2 (38)

Question 29

What substance is used in the Krebs cycle?

Answer 29

H ions

Question 30

What breaks down ATP?

Answer 30

AT pase

Question 31

What breaks down PC?

Answer 31

creatine kinase

Question 32

5 factors that can affect vo2 max abilities ?

Answer 32

- physiology - training - age - gender - body comp - lifestyle

Question 33

What energy system do we use after 3 mins?

Answer 33

aerobic energy system

Question 34

What does the RER measure?

Answer 34

co2 produced and o2 used

Question 35

Training can increase an athlete’s maximum A-VO2 diff. Analyse how the body systems adapt to allow this.

Answer 35

* more oxygen due to more red blood cells *  Increased gas exchange at the muscle due to increased capillarisation *  Increased gas exchange at the muscle due to more myoglobin so can store more oxygen in muscle (1) *  Increased gas exchange at the muscle due to numerous mitochondria allowing for more oxygen to be used in a muscle cell so less returned to venous blood (1)

Question 36

beta oxidisation

Answer 36

breakdown of fats with oxygen happens after exercising for 20 mins

Question 37

Fast glycolytic muscle fibres

Answer 37

- very fast speeds and forces of contraction - white in colour - very high pc stores - very quick to fatigue - ATP-PC SYSTEM

Question 38

name and the three key processes involved in the aerobic energy system when using glucose as an energy source

Answer 38

- the krebs cycle - glycolysis - ETC

Question 39

the krebs cycle

Answer 39

oxidation of acetyl-coenzyme-A/citric acid

Question 40

glycolysis

Answer 40

glucose broken down into pyruvic acid

Question 41

ETC

Answer 41

transfer of electrons down a carrier chain/hydrogen is oxidised