Engineering > eng 26 > Flashcards

eng 26 Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

What are the disciplines of engineering ?

A
  • Mechanical
  • Electrical and Electronic
  • Aerospace
  • Communications
  • Chemical
  • Civil
  • Automotive
  • Biomedical
  • Software

Each discipline focuses on specific areas of technology and application.

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2
Q

What is a hydraulic system used for?

A
  • Braking systems in cars
  • Lifting equipment (e.g., hydraulic jacks)
  • Excavating arms on machinery (e.g., diggers)
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3
Q

Define bevel gears.

A

Gears that rotate 90 degrees on each other

Bevel gears are used to change the direction of rotation in machinery.

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4
Q

What is a pulley used for?

A

To change the direction of force

Commonly found in lifts and cranes.

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5
Q

What are the facets of pharmaceuticals?

A
  • Healing
  • Hazard
  • Cost

These facets must be balanced in pharmaceutical development.

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6
Q

What is the primary piece of legislation covering occupational health and safety in Great Britain?

A

Health and Safety at Work Act 1974

Enforced by the Health and Safety Executive and local authorities.

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7
Q

What does COSHH stand for?

A

Control of Substances Hazardous to Health

This legislation covers hazardous substances including chemicals, fumes, and dusts.

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8
Q

What is the formula for efficiency?

A

Efficiency (%) = (Useful energy out / Total energy in) x 100

It measures how much work or energy is conserved in a process.

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9
Q

What does PPE stand for?

A

Personal Protection Equipment

Employers are required to provide suitable PPE free of charge.

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10
Q

What is the SI unit for mass?

A

Kilogram (kg)

Other units include grams (g) and milligrams (mg).

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11
Q

What is Newton’s First Law of Motion?

A

An object at rest stays at rest; an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force

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12
Q

What is the function of an integrated circuit (IC) chip?

A

It is the heart and brain of most circuits, containing transistors, diodes, resistors, and capacitors

IC chips are etched into one small flat piece of silicone.

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13
Q

What is the function of power stations?

A

Convert fossil fuels into electric power

They burn fuels to create chemical energy, released as heat, which drives a turbine.

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14
Q

What is the function of resistors in electrical circuits?

A

Reduce the flow of electrical current

Resistor values are given in ohms (Ω).

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15
Q

What is the advantage of the metric system?

A
  • Worldwide standard
  • Decimal system
  • Avoids errors

The metric system is used globally for scientific measurements.

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16
Q

What is the disadvantage of the imperial system?

A
  • Need conversion tables
  • Only used by three countries
  • Same name for different measurements

The imperial system is less standardized than the metric system.

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17
Q

What is a disadvantage of the metric system?

A

Not well suited for fractions / doesn’t divide well

The metric system can be challenging when dealing with fractional measurements.

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18
Q

List the advantages of the imperial system.

A
  • Visualization
  • Easily divisible
  • Used in America for trade

The imperial system’s familiarity in the U.S. facilitates trade and communication.

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19
Q

A visible line in technical drawings is represented by what type of line?

A

A thick dark line

This line indicates features that are visible in the drawing.

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20
Q

How is a hidden line represented in technical drawings?

A

By a series of short dashes

Hidden lines show features that aren’t visible in the drawing.

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21
Q

What does a center line look like in technical drawings?

A

Short and long dashes

Center lines are used for circles and symmetry in drawings.

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22
Q

What are dimension lines drawn with?

A

An arrow on either side between two extension lines

The unit of measurement should also be shown underneath/on top.

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23
Q

Define tolerance in engineering.

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A

How much inaccuracy we will accept

Tolerance is crucial for ensuring parts fit and function correctly.

24
Q

What is high tolerance?

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A

Dimensions must be close to exactly perfect

High tolerance is critical for components like rocket wings.

25
What is **low tolerance**?
Dimensions can be several mm more or less and still work ## Footnote Low tolerance is acceptable for less critical components like toys.
26
What does **British Standard 8888** provide?
* Agreed layout for technical drawings * Dimension indication * Tolerance identification * Surface finish identification ## Footnote BS8888 helps standardize engineering drawings to reduce confusion.
27
List the **benefits of using British Standard 8888**.
* Efficiency and effectiveness * Fewer errors * Improved communication ## Footnote Standardization leads to better understanding and fewer mistakes.
28
What is **strength** in materials?
Ability to stand up to forces without bending/breaking ## Footnote Strength is a key property for structural integrity.
29
Define **hardness** in materials.
Ability to resist scratching, wear and tear ## Footnote Hardness is important for durability in tools and surfaces.
30
What is **toughness**?
Ability to absorb energy without breaking ## Footnote Tough materials can withstand impacts and shocks.
31
What does **elasticity** refer to in materials?
Ability to flex and return to original shape ## Footnote Elastic materials can absorb force and deform without permanent damage.
32
What is **ductility**?
Ability to stretch or deform without breaking ## Footnote Ductile materials can be drawn into wires or other shapes.
33
What is the **difference between properties and characteristics** of a product?
* Properties: factual, not subjective * Characteristics: subjective aspects influenced by personal opinions ## Footnote Understanding this distinction is important in product design and marketing.
34
What is a **ferrous metal**?
Contains iron ## Footnote Ferrous metals are typically magnetic and used in construction.
35
What is a **non-ferrous metal**?
Does not contain iron ## Footnote Non-ferrous metals are often more resistant to corrosion.
36
List the **properties of aluminum**.
* Soft * Light * Malleable * Corrosion-resistant ## Footnote Aluminum is widely used in various applications due to its favorable properties.
37
What is a **thermosetting plastic**?
A polymer that irreversibly becomes rigid when heated ## Footnote Thermosetting plastics are used in applications requiring durability.
38
What is **thermoforming**?
Polymers can be formed with heat over and over again ## Footnote This process allows for flexibility in manufacturing.
39
What is **GFRP**?
Glass fibre reinforced plastic ## Footnote GFRP is known for its toughness and strength, used in various applications.
40
What is **CNC**?
Computer Numerical Control ## Footnote CNC is used for precision machining in manufacturing.
41
What is the role of **mechanical engineering**?
Design, development, manufacture, and testing of mechanical devices ## Footnote Mechanical engineering plays a crucial role in creating everyday machines.
42
What is the focus of **electrical engineering**?
Design, development, manufacture, and testing of electrical components ## Footnote Electrical engineering is essential for modern technology.
43
What does **aerospace engineering** involve?
Design, development, manufacture, and testing of flight vehicles ## Footnote Aerospace engineering includes both aeronautical and astronautical branches.
44
What is the purpose of **chemical engineering**?
Design, development, manufacture, and testing of chemical products ## Footnote Chemical engineering is vital for producing pharmaceuticals and materials.
45
What does **civil engineering** focus on?
Design, development, manufacture, and testing of infrastructure ## Footnote Civil engineering is crucial for building roads, bridges, and buildings.
46
What is the goal of **biomedical engineering**?
Design, development, manufacture, and testing in biology and healthcare ## Footnote Biomedical engineers work to improve medical devices and systems.
47
What is the significance of **software engineering**?
Design, development, manufacture, and testing of computer systems ## Footnote Software engineering is essential for creating applications and systems.
48
What are examples of **non-ferrous metals**?
* Lead * Nickel * Tin ## Footnote Non-ferrous metals do not contain iron.
49
What is a characteristic of **sterling silver**?
It doesn't rust underwater ## Footnote Gold and platinum are also considered unreactive.
50
To ensure accurate marking of holes, what is the first step involving a **centre line**?
Measure 60mm from one end to mark the centre line ## Footnote This is part of the process to ensure all holes are marked accurately.
51
What tool is used to ensure lines are at a **90 degree angle**?
Engineers square ## Footnote This tool helps maintain precision in marking.
52
What measurement should the **marking gauge** be set to for marking on either side of the centre line?
30mm ## Footnote This is done while marking going 20mm down.
53
What is the purpose of using a **centre punch** in the marking process?
To create an indent making it visible while drilling ## Footnote This helps in guiding the drill accurately.
54
What tool should be used alongside the **engineers square** for marking?
Scribe ## Footnote This tool assists in making precise markings.
55
List the steps of pascal’s principle
1.The force is applied on the smaller input creating pressure in the fluid 2.Pressure is transmitted equally 3.Pressure reaches large output 4.Results in force multiplying so heavy loads are lifted
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