- travel of heat through space, no material substance is required. Travels though the same way as light ( straight lines) - (radiation is the greatest cause of exposure fires, spreading fire.)

Engine Company Fire Ground OPS Flashcards by Brian Padilla

NFPA 1410

Standard on training for initial emergency scene operations,

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What are the 3 major tactical priorities on the fire ground

Life safety

Extinguishment

Property conservation

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Convection

the travel of heat through the motion of heated matter.

through smoke, hot air, heated gases.

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Radiation

travel of heat through space, no material substance is required. Travels though the same way as light ( straight lines)
(radiation is the greatest cause of exposure fires, spreading fire.)

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Conduction

the travel of heat through a solid body. ex: pipe

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A 100 ft setion of steel beam will expand how may inches when heated to 1000 degrees?

9 inches

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what are the 4 ways that heat travels

conduction
convection
radiation
direct flame contact

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NFPA 1901

standard for automotive fire apparatus

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What are the minimum standards for pumps and water tanks

pump capacity no less than 750 gallons

- water tank at least 300 gallons

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Preconnected hose lines of 1 3/4 should not exceed how many ft?

250 ft because of excessive friction losses.

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NFPA 1901 minimum hose lengths

1 3/4

2 1/2 or larger

Soft suction or hard suction

400 ft

800 ft

15 ft or 20ft

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Hard suction hose sizes

2 1/2 to 6 inches

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double male and double female

used when a pumper that is set up for a forward lay uses a reverse lay
NFPA 1901 requires one double female 2 1/2 and 1 double male 2 1/2

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Ground ladder minimum according to 1901

one straight ladder with roof hooks
one extension ladder
one attic ladder

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what are the 4 types of hose lays

forward lay using a charged supply line ( most desirable)
forward lay using a uncharged supply line
direct to fire/ no line laid
reverse lay

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the first arriving pumper should pull past the fire building to accomplish what?

allows officer to see three sides of the building for size up
leaves room for the ladder truck in front of the building

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Most victims of fire are overcome by?

Carbon monoxide

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Three factors influence the movement of water at fires are?

water source
pumper
hose

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what are the four possible sources of water at the fire ground?

water main systems
static water sources
apparatus water tanks
mobile water supply apparatus (tankers/tenders)

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If an increase in engine pump speed (rpm) is not accompanied in discharge pressure

the pump has reached true capacity or the limit of the water supply.

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A LDH has a diameter of

3 1/2 or larger

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NFPA 1961

standard for fire hose

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Direct Attack

Indirect Attack

a straight or solid hose stream is used to deliver water onto the base of the fire

directed at the ceiling of the intensely heated area in order to create steam. To prevent flashover from removing heat from the upper atmosphere

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If a fire is smoldering what should be done first

ventilation to prevent a backdraft.

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Backup lines

- are used to back up the attack lines | - should have greater reach and deliver more water than initial attack lines.

In a commercial building, concealed vertical shafts carrying building utilities are most likely to be found

Toward the rear of the building

Basement fires should be vented

in the basement and the first floor when ever possible

To be most effective in fire control master streams should

be moved horizontally back and fourth across the fire area and vertically side to side

Master streams require water flows from

350-2000 GPM

NFPA 14

standard for the installation of standpipe and hose systems,

Standpipe classifications Class I Class II Class III

2 1/2 hose connections for the firefighters 1 1/2 hose connections general use by building occupants before fire dept arrives have both class I and II capabilities

What are the 5 types of standpipe systems

- automatic wet (filled w/water, automatic supply) - automatic dry ( filled w/pressured air, automatic supply) - semiautomatic dry (filled w/air may/may not be pressurized, automatic supply) - manual wet ( filled w/water to find leaks, needs water supply FDC) - manual dry ( no water/air must need water, FDC)

Automatic standpipe systems will

provide water supply for firefighting by simply opening a hose valve.

Semiautomatic standpipe systems

are connected to a water supply for firefighting but require activation of a device at a hose valve in addition to opening the valve to get water

Before attempting to use a standpipe system

FF should check to make sure the PIV are in the " open position"

What are the 4 types of sprinkler systems

- Wet-pipe system - Dry- pipe system - Preaction system - Deluge system

The preaction sprinkler system

is a dry pipe system with the addition of air exhausters, that are controlled by a supplemental fire detection system. Lets the compressed air escape from the system, allowing the water to reach the heads until the heat will activate the sprinkler head.

Deluge sprinkler system

designed to deliver large amounts of water. All sprinkler heads are open all the time to allow flood an entire area.

Class III automatic wet standpipe systems must

have a pressure of 100 psi and the ability to flow two 250-GPM hose lines from the top most hydraulically remote hose outlet

If the FDC is damages that it cannot be used you should

supply the system through the hose line outlet on the first floor. A 2 1/2 Siamese should be installed on the outlet with a double female adapter and two supply lines should be used to deliver water to the outlet form the pumper

Ventilation is little help against

radiant heat (use large amounts of water)

What are the primary responsibility o f an engine crew

life safety | extinguishment

What type of heat carries hot air, smoke, and gases from a lower floor to an upper floor

convected

Flashover generally results from

convected heating, radiant heating or a combo of both

What is not a basic engine company task

ventilation

The purpose of the nozzle is to

shape the stream and convert pressure energy to velocity energy

What size tip is the breaking point for handline and masterstream at 50 psi versus 80 psi

1 1/4 | 400 GPM

Solid tips are useful for

- range - penetration - winds over 30 mph

What should be the minimum for a master stream

1,000 GPM

What are some disadvantages of the DIRECT TO FIRE/no | no supply line laid approach

- companies mus arrive close together - maintain communication - follow SOG's Also - 2 engines are required -little or no margin of safety for attack crews

What is a advantage of a revers lay

- pumper is moved away from structure | - better placement for ladders

The most desirable hose lay is

Forward lay using a changed supply line

The primary function of and engine company in a rescue situation is to

- support primary search - contain the fire - keep it form jeopardizing anyone

How many FF at a minimum for RIT

Static pressure Residual pressure

- pressure of the hydrant at rest ( water open to the pump but no water flowing) - the pressure in the hydrant w/water flowing from the hydrant through the pump

Pumpers are rated from a draft which means that a 1,250 GPM pumper can draft and discharge at

1,250 GPM

The usual practice is to install on 2 1/2 Discharge for every

250 GPM of rated capacity

Residual pressure is the pressure reaming on the?

- intake side of the pump while water is flowing

Residual pressure should not drop below_____ except under extreme conditions

- 10 psi - Never shut down a hose line to reduce flow ( reduce tip sixes to decrease flow) - if reaches 0 their is no more flow

The more water taken from a hydrant

The less water remains as potential capacity

At start of relay ops all pumpers should pump to____ and never drop below____

150 psi 20 psi

A disadvantage of indirect attack is

water to steam conversion

With 50% involvement of a commercial structure, use what size line

2 1/2

A smoldering fire must be ventilated before

it is attacked | should ventilate at highest point possible

A _____ stream is most effective in pushing the fire

wide angle fog

Exposure coverage is _______ next to rescue

second

What is the range for maters stream

350 to 2000 GPM

The most common master stream tips are

1 3/8 500 1/ 1/2 600 1 3/4 800 2 1000 - change tip size if water is inadequate

A solid stream nozzle will

preform as well or better if the nozzle is positioned some distance away from the structure this is also true with a smooth bore

Smoldering fires must be

Ventilated first

An elevator should NEVER be taken to

- the fire floor | - stop 2 floors below fire floor

The 2 most common fire protection systems are

- sprinkler systems and standpipes

Engine Company Fire Ground OPS Flashcards

Driver test material (72 cards)