Brittleness
Tendency to fracture without appreciable deformation
Ductility
- Property that permits permanent deformation before fracture in tension
- Property of a material by virtue of which it may be plastically elongated
Elasticity
- Ability of a material to be deformed and to return to its original shape
- Property which enables the material to regain its original form and shape when externally applied force is removed
Hardness
Resistance to indentation or penetration
Machinability
Relative ease with which a material can be cut
Malleability
- Susceptibility to extreme deformation in rolling and hammering
- Property of a material by virtue of which it may be plastically compressed
Plasticity
- Ability of a metal to be deformed considerably without rupture
- Property of a material by virtue of which permanent deformation will occur
Stiffness
Ability to resist deformation
Toughness
Ability to withstand shock load without breaking
Poisson’s ratio
- Ratio of transverse strain to longitudinal strain.
- Constant within the proportional limit.
Proportionality limit
Maximum stress to which a material can be subjected without any deviation from the proportionality of stress and strain
Coal that has been previously burned
Coke
The earth and stone mixed with the iron oxides
Gangue
The place where the process to reduce iron oxides to pure iron takes place
Blast furnace
Used to reduce the carbon content and purify the iron
Bessemer and oxygen processes
Four groups of engineering materials
Metals, polymers, ceramics, composites
