Define Enlightenment
17th-18th century movement exploring the “science” of human rights, gov., society, law
What were Locke’s main ideas?
- People have natural rights
- It’s the job of the government to protect the rights
- If the gov. doesn’t protect the rights, people have the right to overthrow
What were Montesquieu’s main ideas?
- Powers of gov. should be separated into 3 branches
2. Every branch will keep other branches from becoming too powerful
What were Voltaire’s main ideas?
- Free speech
2. Religious toleration
What were Rousseau’s main ideas?
- People make and obey laws
- What is good for everyone is more important than for individuals
- Value of education
What was/were Locke’s impact on society?
Declaration of Independence
What was/were Montesquieu’s impact on society?
Separation of power and checks and balances
What was/were Voltaire’s impact on society?
Bill of rights added that included free speech and religion
What was/were Rousseau’s impact on society?
“We the people of the United States”
How did thinkers (philosophers) influence democracy during the Enlightenment?
They involved the people into the government and political aspect.
Causes: Renaissance, Scientific Rev., people frustrated with absolutism
Effects: ?
Democracy, Enlightened despots, Nationalism, French and American Rev.
What is an Enlightened despot?
When monarchs try to use their power for good (ex. Catherine the great)
What are the advantages to society through the period of the Enlightenment?
New inventions, ideas, and methods, making the society grow, expand, and perhaps even thrive.
