environmentalism week 7 Flashcards

(71 cards)

1
Q

q 🌍 What is ecologism (as an ideology)?

A
  • A coherent belief system about environment + society
  • Provides answers to ecological crisis
  • Goes beyond simple environmental concern
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2
Q

q Ecologism treats the Earth as an ______ of answers to political and social issues.

A
  • Apparatus
  • Source of solutions
  • Normative guide
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3
Q

q 🧠 How is ecologism different from environmentalism?

A
  • Environmentalism = managerial fixes
  • Ecologism = radical change
  • Focus on sustainability + transformation
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4
Q

q ⚖️ Environmentalism vs Ecologism

A
  • Environmentalism = reform system
  • Ecologism = change system
  • Different depth of ideology
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5
Q

q 🧠 What does ecologism argue about modern society?

A
  • Current systems unsustainable
  • Need structural change
  • Human-nature relationship flawed
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6
Q

q Ecologism requires ______ changes in political and economic life.

A
  • Radical
  • Structural
  • Long-term
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7
Q

q 🌍 What global issues drive ecologism?

A
  • Climate change
  • Resource depletion
  • Environmental crisis
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8
Q

q 🧠 Why is ecologism considered an ideology (not just a movement)?

A
  • Has values + beliefs
  • Provides political programs
  • Offers future vision
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9
Q

q 🔍 What does Luke argue about ecologism’s role?

A
  • Shapes political action
  • Guides social change
  • Responds to global crisis
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10
Q

q 🧠 What is a key criticism of environmentalism?

A
  • Too focused on management
  • Doesn’t challenge system
  • Limited long-term impact
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11
Q

q Ecologism critiques ______ global capitalism.

A
  • Neoliberal
  • Market-driven
  • Growth-focused
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12
Q

q 🌐 How does globalisation relate to ecologism?

A
  • Spreads environmental problems
  • Links economies globally
  • Requires global solutions
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13
Q

q 🧠 What is the main tension in ecologism?

A
  • Growth vs sustainability
  • Economy vs environment
  • Development vs limits
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14
Q

q 📊 What does ecologism say about economic growth?

A
  • Growth is unsustainable
  • Leads to crisis
  • Must be limited or rethought
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15
Q

q 🧠 What is “critical climatology”?

A
  • Focus on climate crisis
  • Uses science + politics
  • Calls for urgent action
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16
Q

q ⚠️ What does critical climatology emphasise?

A
  • Urgency of climate change
  • Scientific authority
  • Need for global response
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17
Q

q 🧠 What is ecomodernisation?

A
  • Optimistic approach
  • Technology solves crisis
  • Works within capitalism
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18
Q

q ⚙️ Key idea of ecomodernisation?

A
  • Innovation + efficiency
  • Green technology
  • Economic growth continues
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19
Q

q Ecomodernisation believes environmental problems can be solved through ______ and ______.

A
  • Technology
  • Innovation
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19
Q

q 🏛️ What is green statism?

A
  • Strong government role
  • Regulates environment
  • Uses state power for sustainability
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20
Q

q 🧠 What does green statism prioritise?

A
  • Policy + regulation
  • State intervention
  • Environmental governance
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21
Q

q 🌿 What is natural capitalism?

A
  • Markets + sustainability
  • Efficiency + conservation
  • Align economy with ecology
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22
Q

q 💰 Key idea of natural capitalism?

A
  • Profit + environment compatible
  • Resource efficiency
  • Market solutions
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23
Q

q 🧠 What is banal ecologism?

A
  • Everyday green behaviour
  • Consumer-level change
  • Normalised environmentalism
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24
q 🛒 Examples of banal ecologism?
- Recycling - Green consumerism - Lifestyle choices
25
q Banal ecologism focuses on ______ rather than structural change.
- Individual behaviour - Consumption - Daily habits
26
q 🧠 What is a limitation of banal ecologism?
- Ignores systemic issues - Focuses on individuals - Fits within capitalism
27
q ⚖️ What is the ideological spectrum within ecologism?
- Radical → reformist - Structural → individual - Anti-capitalist → pro-market
28
q 🧠 Why are there multiple types of ecologism?
- Different solutions - Different values - Competing visions
29
q 📣 What is ecologism’s political goal?
- Sustainable society - Long-term survival - Balance with nature
30
q 🧠 What is meant by “sustainability”?
- Long-term resource use - Avoid environmental collapse - Intergenerational fairness
31
q 🌍 What future does ecologism aim for?
- Stable environment - Equitable society - Sustainable systems
32
q Ecologism provides a ______ for transforming society.
- Framework - Ideology - Political vision
33
q 🧠 What is Luke’s overall argument?
- Ecologism = full ideology - Not just activism - Shapes global politics
34
q ⚠️ Final critique: what is the open question about ecologism?
- Can it deliver real change? - Too tied to capitalism? - Competing approaches
35
q 🧠 What is the “Last Man” thought experiment?
- Imagine the last human on Earth - They destroy ecosystems and species - Ask: is this still morally wrong?
36
q ⚖️ Why is the “Last Man” argument important?
- Challenges human-centered ethics - Tests moral value beyond humans - Supports need for environmental ethics
36
q 🧠 What did Richard Routley / Sylvan argue?
- Western ethics is inadequate - Nature has moral value beyond humans - A new environmental ethic is needed
37
q Routley’s argument criticises ______ ethics.
- Anthropocentric - Human-centered - Western liberal ethics
38
q 🚫 Why is “do no harm” to persons not enough for Routley?
- It protects only humans - Ignores value of nature itself - Cannot explain why destruction is wrong
39
q 🧠 What is human chauvinism?
- Humans treated as morally central - Nature valued only instrumentally - Bias toward human interests
40
q ⚖️ Human chauvinism vs environmental ethics
- Human chauvinism centers people - Environmental ethics expands moral concern - Challenges human superiority
41
q 🌍 What does it mean to expand the moral circle?
- Extend moral concern outward - Beyond humans alone - Include animals, life, ecosystems
42
q 🐾 What is biocentrism?
- All living things have moral standing - Not just humans - Life itself matters
43
q 🌱 What is ecocentrism?
- Ecosystems have value - Includes non-living supports of life - Focus on wholes, not just individuals
44
q 🐶 What is Peter Singer’s key contribution to environmental ethics?
- Sentience matters morally - Capacity to suffer is key - Expands concern to animals
45
q ⚠️ Why is Singer still limited compared with deep ecocentrism?
- Focuses on sentient beings - Not ecosystems as wholes - Still narrower than ecocentrism
46
q ♀️ What does environmental feminism argue?
- Environmental domination links to social domination - Human-centered ethics mirrors hierarchy - Ecology and justice are connected
47
q 🧠 What is the link between ecofeminism and chauvinism?
- Both critique domination - Human domination parallels patriarchy - Ethics must challenge hierarchy itself
48
q 🌏 What are Mary Graham’s two core Aboriginal worldview precepts?
- The land is the law - You are not alone in the world - Relations are central
49
q 🪨 What does “The land is the law” mean?
- Country orders life and obligation - Law is relational and place-based - Land is not just property
50
Country orders life and obligation Law is relational and place-based Land is not just property
- Humans are interconnected - Kinship extends beyond people - Country includes non-human relations
51
q 🌿 What is Caring for Country?
- Cultural and spiritual obligation - Long-term custodianship - Care for land, waters and life
52
q ⚖️ How does an Aboriginal worldview differ from a dominant Western worldview?
- Country at the centre - Humans not the owners of nature - Relations matter more than control
53
q 🌱 What is the difference between environmentalism and ecologism?
- Preservation of nature - Protection from pollution/destruction - Advocacy and policy concern
54
q 🧠 Why is the term “natural environment” contested?
- Humans shape all environments - Nature/society binary is unstable - “Pure nature” may no longer exist
55
q 🌍 What is meant by a “comparatively natural” environment?
- Not untouched by humans - Only relatively less transformed - Nature exists on a spectrum
56
q 📚 What does The End of Nature idea suggest?
- Human influence is everywhere - No fully separate nature remains - Ecology must address hybridity
57
q 📣 What are key historical touchpoints in modern environmentalism?
Silent Spring Earth Day 1970 Stockholm 1972
58
q 🏛️ How did environmentalism emerge as a distinct ideology?
- Mid-late 20th century - Response to ecological crises - In dialogue with science
59
q 🌏 What does the slogan “think global, act local” mean?
- Global problems need local action - Connect everyday life to world issues - Scale matters in environmental politics
59
q 🇦🇺 Why is the United Tasmania Group important?
- Early Green politics in Australia - Called for “a new ethic” - Linked humans and nature
60
q ⚖️ What is the key divide inside environmentalism?
- Reform vs transformation - “Light green” vs “dark green” - Greening capitalism vs new society
61
q 🌡️ What are the three climate frames from Goodman?
- Transition - Emergency - Transformation
62
q 🛠️ What is the transition path?
- Gradual change - Policy-led solutions - Green economy focus
63
q 🚨 What is the emergency path?
- Urgent mobilisation - Politicises climate impacts - Often linked to protest movements
64
q 🔄 What is the transformation path?
- Systemic social change - Targets fossil fuel structures - Pushes deeper alternatives
65
q 🧠 Why does climate framing matter politically?
- Different words create different responses - “Emergency” can mobilise - “Catastrophe” may paralyse
66
Shows pollution beyond climate Links daily consumption to ecology Highlights infrastructure failures
- Show land justice issues - Raise Indigenous sovereignty questions - Connect ecology with colonialism
66
q 🤝 What are Black-Green alliances?
- Indigenous + environmental collaboration - Built around land, justice and protection - Can strengthen resistance movements
67
q ⚠️ What is a pitfall of Green-Black alliances?
- Risk of instrumentalising Indigenous people - “Greenies” may oversimplify Aboriginal politics - Alliances can be unequal