EOM: ENDOCRINE

Question 1

What does the posterior pituitary gland develop from?

Answer 1

Neural ectoderm

Question 2

Iodine insufficiency impairs foetal thyroid hormone development. What is the main subsequent effect this has on a developing foetus?

Answer 2

Impaired neural development

Question 3

What is the function of enkephalins?

Answer 3

Pain control

• Secreted by adrenal medulla
• Bind to opioid receptors

Question 4

What are corticosteroids derived from?

Answer 4

Cholesterol
- Derived from lipids so lipid-soluble –> can pass through biological membranes and bind to specific intracellular receptors

Question 5

Name 3 effects of mineralocorticoids.

Answer 5

• Na+ resorption
• Myocardial collagen production
• Blood pressure regulation

Question 6

True of false: testosterone is stronger than androstenedione.

Answer 6

True

• Androstenedione is a precursor of testosterone - a weak steroid hormone which promotes axillary and pubic hair growth
• There is increased testosterone production during puberty –> less androstenedione involvement

Question 7

What is release by delta cells of the pancreas?

Answer 7

Somatostatin

Question 8

What is the function of the parathyroid hormone?

Answer 8

Increase intestinal calcium reabsorption

Question 9

Where is calcitonin produced?

Answer 9

Parafollicular cells of the thyroid

Question 10

True or false: G protein-coupled receptors are intracellular receptors used by water-soluble hormones.

Answer 10

False - they are extracellular

Question 11

How many layers are there in the adrenal gland?

Answer 11

5 (including the capsule)

Question 12

What is the inner epithelial lining of follicular cells of the thyroid gland?

Answer 12

Simple cuboidal (as most secretory glands are)

Question 13

Which of the following is not secreted by the adrenal cortex?

• Aldosterone
• Cortisol
• Adrenaline
• Dehydroepiandrosterone

Answer 13

Adrenaline

Question 14

What do beta cells of the pancreatic islet secrete?

Answer 14

Insulin