Steps to follow for overall flow of exam
-communication about EPA
-clear contraindications
-prepare patient and set parameters
-justify chosen treatment and parameters
-administer treatment
-reassess patient and conclude treatment
What is included under communication
-explain what modality is in lay terms
-explain what type of energy is delivered
-explain expected sensation
-explain goal/benefit of treatment
-explain risk of treatment and how they will mitigate risk
-explain how long treatment will last
-ask specifically for informed consent
What is included under knowledge portion of the exam
-contraindications clearance
What is included in treatment preparation
-position of patient to maximize comfort
-appropriate draping of patient
-position of student
-position of machine to see both patient and machine
-position modality over affected area
-use optimal treatment parameters
-equipment accessories are positioned appropriately
-student verbalizes relevant baseline measure (pain, swelling)
What must be included in justification for treatment in exam
-state goal of treatment
-justification for appropriate length of treatment and treatment parameters
What to remember during treatment administration
-adjust intensity appropriately
-adjust intensity continuously while receiving patient feedback
-describe to patient what sensation they should experience
What should be included in the overall conclusion of treatment
-verbalize relevant measure after treatment (reassessment)
-clean up patient/removes equipment from patient
-turn off machine
-provide instructions for follow up
What is included in the overall global rating for the exam
-respond to patient feedback during treatment
-patient does not experience any pain (do a sensory test before beginning)
Ultrasound thermal pulse mode
-continuous
Ultrasound thermal intensity
-0.8-2.0 W/cm2
-gradually increase intensity so that patient feels heat
Ultrasound thermal treatment time
-10-15 min
Ultrasound thermal frequency
-3 MHz for superficial
-1 MHz for deep
How many times a week should thermal ultrasound be used
-3x a week
Ultrasound athermal pulse mode
-20%
Ultrasound athermal intensity
-1.0 W/cm2
Ultrasound athermal treatment time
-15 min per 10-15 cm2
Ultrasound athermal frequency
-3MHz for superficial
-1 MHz for deep
IFC immediate pain relief (acute) suction
-constant
IFC immediate pain relief (acute) carrier frequency
-4000 Hz
IFC immediate pain relief (acute) treatment time
-20-30 min
IFC immediate pain relief (acute) AMF
-80-120 Hz
IFC immediate pain relief (acute) frequency sweep
-conservative
-6 sec up and down
IFC immediate pain relief (acute) vector
-on
IFC immediate pain relief (acute) location of electrodes
-along dermatome
-bracketing pain
-over area of pain
-over muscle at same spinal segment
