epigenetics

Question 1

lac operon

Answer 1

inducable used by prokaryotes to control production of b-galactose, lactose
energy released from breakdown of lactose used for growth by prkaryotes

Question 2

what is b galactose

Answer 2

enzyme resposible for breaking down lactise

Question 3

what happens when lactose is present vs not

Answer 3

present
-lactose binds to lacI protien and changes it shape
-after changing shape, the lacI pr- is no longer capable of binding to the operator and transcription occurs
absent
-lacI binds to operator, inhibits transcription

Question 4

trp operon

Answer 4

used by prokaryotes to control production of tryptophan (an animo acid).

Question 5

what happens when trp is present vs absent

Answer 5

present- trp binds to (trpR) which changes shape of trpR, and now trpR able to bind to operator. transcription of genes neccisary for tryptophan production now inhibited
Absent- trp represser protien (trpR) unable to bind to operator. genes needed for production of tryptophan are transcribed

Question 6

genes in eukaryotes

Answer 6

-not organized into operons
-each gene have its own promoter region, multiple “transcreiption factors” involved in gene regulation

Question 7

what is epigenetics

Answer 7

chemical markers and protiens located on dna that determine gene expression

Question 8

epigenome learns from experience

Answer 8

-epigenetic tags record the cell’s experiences helping to stabilize expression
-Signals come from inside the cell, neighboring cells, or outside world (moms nutrition)
-Some genes are turned off/on, some are turned up/down

Question 9

epigenetics epigentic tags, parents-offspring

Answer 9

-parents experiences in form of epigenetic tags passed down to offspring. Genome changes slowly through random mutations, and natural selection
-Epigenetic inheritance may allow an organism to continually adjust its gene expression to fit its environment - without changing its DNA code.

Question 10

example of epigenetics

Answer 10

wild radish- when attacked by catterpoillars they produce distasteful chemicals and grow protective spines. Offspring produce some traits even in catterpillar free environments

Question 11

inheritance of epigenetics

Answer 11

epigenetic inheritance may allow an organism to coninurally adjust gene expression to fit its environment, without changing its dna code