RUSVM- Microanatomy (mine) > Epithelium > Flashcards

Epithelium Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

Tissue

A

an aggregation of cells and extracellular substances

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2
Q

Epithelium

A

a tissue composed of closely aggregated cells with very little extracellular substance

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3
Q

Four basic types of tissues

A

epithelial tissue
connective tissue
muscular tissue
nervous tissue

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4
Q

surface or lining epithelia

A

epithelial cells form sheets that:
cover body surfaces
line luminal organs, tubular structures, and body cavities

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5
Q

glandular epithelia

A

secretory epithelia, their functions are synthesize, store and release its product

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6
Q

special epithelia

A

receptors for taste and hearing

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7
Q

Function: Protection

A

epithelium covering protects underlying tissue from mechanical abrasion/injury, harmful chemicals, invading microbes and from excessive loss of water

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8
Q

Function: Secretion

A

specialized to secrete specific chemical substances such as enzymes, hormones and lubricating fluids

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9
Q

Function: Absorption

A

lining of intestine absorb nutrients from digestion

epithelial cells of kidney tubules

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10
Q

Function: Diffusion

A

simple squamous epithelium promotes the diffusion of gases, liquids and nutrients

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11
Q

Function: Friction Reduction

A

smooth, tightly interlocking endothelial cells that line circulatory system reduce friction between blood and walls of blood vessels

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12
Q

Function: Cleaning

A

ciliated respiratory epithelium assists in removing dust particles from air passages

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13
Q

Function: Sensation

A

contain sensory nerve endings is found in the skin, ears and on the tongue
modified neurons in nose and eyes

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14
Q

ectoderm

A

epidermis of skin and its derivatives

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15
Q

mesoderm

A

comprised of mesothelium and endothelium

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16
Q

mesothelium

A

epithelium lining
THREE serous body cavities:
peritoneal, pleural, pericardial

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17
Q

endothelium

A

epithelium lining blood and lymphatic vessels and heart chambers

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18
Q

Endoderm

A

epithelial lining and glands most of the gastrointestinal tract and respiratory systems; liver; pancreas; urinary bladder

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19
Q

Epithelium Characteristics

A 
covers surfaces and lines lumens
may have specialization like glands
high cellular density
very little intercellular substance
basement membrane present
lining epithelium is avascular
few nerve endings
polarized, cohesive and closely associated to supporting CT
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20
Q

Mesenchymal Cell

A

lots of intercellular matrix
few cells
(connective tissue)

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21
Q

Hepatocyte

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A

specialized epithelial cell
high cellular density
little intercellular matrix

22
Q

Layout of Epithelial Cells

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A

Apical (free) surface
lateral surface
basal surface next to basement membrane/lamina
nucleous close to basal lamina

23
Q

Basal Lamina

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A

when visible in light microscopy called basement membrane
interface of epithelial and connective tissue
selective barrier
provides structural support
formed by epithelial cells

24
Q

Basement Membrane

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A

basal lamina when this layer is visible with light microscopy
stains with PAS (periodic acid- Schiff) for carbs
semipermeable barrier

25
Tight Junctions
prevent leakage of fluid across a layer of epithelial cells form continuous hermetic seals around the cell bound by specific proteins
26
Desmosomes
anchoring junctions function like rivets, fastening cells together into strong sheets intermediate filaments made of sturdy keratin proteins anchoring in cytoplasm adhere epithelial cells of the skin velcro
27
Gap Junctions
communicating junctions cytoplasmic channels or tunnels form one cell to another membrane proteins that surround a pore necessary for communcation
28
simple squamous epithelium
flat, elongated cells with a round to oval nuclei, centrally located located in: lining of all moist internal surfaces (called mesothelium) alveolar walls luminal surface of blood vessels capsule of renal glomeruli
29
Simple cuboidal epithelium
``` all sides are approximately the same, cell limits are well defined examples: lining ducts of many glands choroid plexus in brain lining follicles of thyroid glands lens of eye ```
30
simple columnar epithelium
tall narrow cells with ovoid nucleus located near base examples: lining luminal surface of stomach, small and large intestine, gall bladder lining the uterus and uterine tube
31
Pseudostratified epithelium
composed of a single layer of irregularly shaped and sized cells all cells contact the underlying basement membrane, not all reach the surface examples: nasal cavity, upper respiratory tract male reproductive
32
Kartagener's Syndrome
immotile cilia syndrome dynein arms are missing cilia and sperm tails chronic respiratory infection male sterility
33
Stratified squamous epithelium
several layers of cells | superficial cells have squamous shape
34
non keratinized
ex. cornea, esophagus, oral cavity, vagine
35
keratinized
provides extra protection no nuclei, water resistant ex. epidermis, proventricles, oral cavity, vagina in estrus
36
Transitional Epithelium
aka urothelium lines urinary passages superficial cuboidal cells bulge into lumen superficial cells become flattened or squamous when organ is distended superficial cells have specialized plasma membrane providing osmotic barrier between urine and tissue fluids
37
Unicellular glands
epithelial linings and glands of intestine and respiratory tract ex. goblet cells mucinogen droplets are seen in apical part
38
Multicellular Glands
exocrine- have a duct and adenomere | endocrine- ductless- straight into blood stream
39
Adenomere
cells of the exocrine secretory end piece | manufacture the product, then specialized cells express it into duct system
40
simple ducts
one opening
41
compound ducts
many branches of duct system
42
Tubular Adenomere
straight of coiled | ex. sweat gland, stomach glands, colon glands
43
Acinar Adenomere
pie shaped, small lumen | ex. pancreas, salivary glands
44
Alveolar Adenomere
large lumen, smaller cells | ex. mammary gland, prostate, sebaceous glands
45
serous
watery product, contains enzymes ex. sweat round nuclei, cytoplasm is basophilic in basal portion and acidophilic in apical portion because of zymogen granules
46
mucus glands
cells with flat heterochromatic nuclei at the base of each cell cytoplasm is vacuolated (frothy) and pale mucinogen granules are not detectable without special stianing
47
Mixed gland
mucous and serous cells sharing a common duct system | mucous acinar units with crescent serous cells
48
Sebaceous gland
centrally located nuclei cytoplasm is pale and foamy lipid is washed out during preperation
49
merocrine
smooth lumen, no cytoplasm lost producing secretion
50
Apocrine
apex bulges, some cytoplasm is lost producing secretion droplets of apical portion become part of secretion ex. sweat gland of domestic animals, prostate gland, mammary gland
51
Holocrine
entire cell is the product
52
endocrine
secreted product is directed toward the vasculature
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