What does Myrdal’s cumulative causation model show?
How a TNC attracts employees and supporting companies.
What makes Silicon Valley successful?
High employment rates as it is the global centre for tech and innovation.
Migration - means more skilled workers used for specialised jobs
Low levels of IMD - means very good QOL and very prosperous areas.
Challenges of Silicon Valley
High property price due to high income earners increasing cost of living.
Skill shortages as many of the tech jobs are very specialised
What is a rust belt
An area of loss of core employment and large scale deindustrialisation of manufacturing areas.
What makes a region decline?
Lack of jobs leads to unemployment.
QOL is reflected by a high IMD
E.g - Middlesbrough has the highest IMD since 2015
Where did the term rust belt originate from?
Coined in the 1980s in the USA based on the large scale deindustrialisation of Midwest America
What is the main aim of regeneration?
To exclude any forms of inequality.
E.g council estates vs gated communities
What is perception
People may have negative or positive views based upon their lived experience of the area or influenced opinion of the area
Examples of social issues that could change their view of an area?
• Lack of education,
• discrimination,
• housing access,
• health care access,
• access to employment,
• treatment/ misrepresentation by authorities,
• public sector pay issues…
What is civic engagement
ways in which people participate in their community in order to
improve the quality of life for others or to shape their community’s future.
e.g. voting in local and national elections
What is political apathy
people unwillingly accept the conditions they live in but
feel powerless to do anything.
What factors affect political engagement?
Age - views on pensions, etc.
Ethnicity, gender - voters may feel represented by a certain party
Length of residence - larger attachment meaning they want Tod o everything they can do to stay
Levels of IMD - high means a more liberal political engagement and vice versa
Why might there be conflicts about priorities?
Increase political engament means increased mobilisation of minority groups and these groups will have varying experiences and therefore may challenge each other.
What were some explanations for the 2011 riots?
Petty criminality, urban deprivation, alienated and misrepresented youth, poor relationship within the black community in Tottenham with local police, police stop and search, Hugh youth unemployment, increased tuition fees and a very warm summer.
What are some ways to evaluate the need for regeneration.
Economic
Environmental
Social
All either qualitative or quantitative
What is structural economic change ?
long-term shift in the dominant sectors of an economy (e.g., from primary/secondary to tertiary/quaternary).
What are the indicators used to measure IMD?
income, employment, health, education, crime, access to services, or living environment.
How does globalisation lead to regeneration?
relocation of manufacturing abroad reduces employment, increases deprivation, increasing need for regeneration.
What are the factors for the need for regeneration in the UK
Deindustrialisation
Lack of income and investment
Social factors - crime and poor health.
Environmental - dereliction, pollution
How does a changing demographics change the need for regeneration
Aging population
Outmigration
Population growth
Pros and cons of qualitative data
Subjective but provides contextual info behind statistics
