What is Globalisation?
Globalisation is the idea that the world is becoming increasingly interconnected.
Why is globalisation increasing?
Improvement in technology eg email, phones etc make it easier and quicker for people all over the world go communicate with each other
Improvements in transport eg planes, ships etc make it easier for people to commute to meet with each other face to face. Companies can also distribute supplies easier.
What are Transnational corporations (TNCs)?
How do they increase Globalisation?
Companies that produce products, sell products or are located in more than one country
They increase Globalisation by linking together countries through the production and sale of goods.
What type of country is india?
It is an emerging country with high growth and high human development
What is India’s social context in the world?
- They are the world’s second largest population with 1 .25 billion people and are set to be the biggest by 2022
- A fourth of urban population live in slums. Its houses 40 million people
- Tourism makes up 6.3% of the national GDP
What is India’s political context in the world?
-It is the worlds largest democracy in 2015 672 million people were registered to vote
They produced the second largest number of troops to the UN
They were one of the founding members of the United Nations
What is India’s cultural and religious context in the world?
India has the worst environmental problems with land, air and water pollution
India is the worlds third greatest emitter of greenhouse gases
How has India’s economy changed since the 1990s?
India is getting rapidly wealthier
their GDP has gone from 0.3 trillion to 2.1 trillion
The GNI per capita has gone from $390-$1600
India’s tertiary service and high-tech quaternary industries have grown hugely in recent years now accounting for 45% of GDP
What is India’s level of development in HDI?
0.61
How has India’s exports and imports changed since 1990?
What did import in the 1990s?
what does it import now?
1990:
Imports - Manufactured goods e.g. machinery, chemicals
Exports - Low value manufactured goods e.g. clothing and primary products e.g. tea
2015:
Imports - crude oil (for transport and industry)
Exports - High value manufactured goods e.g. machinery
How has globalisation increased development?
- More than 50% of all Indians now own a mobile phone. This meant that lots of people could start their own small businesses giving them a larger income.
- India has 12 major ports and more than 20 international airports. They have a large rail network carrying 8 billion passengers a year and almost 3 tons of cargo per day. This makes it easier to transport goods so trade can increase and TNCs are more likely to invest.
- Many TNCs outsource some manufacturing and IT to India. This brings jobs and greater income from taxes and latest technology and business practices
How have Government policies increased development?
- In 1999 India received US$2.2 billion in aid from the IMF and exchange for the government changing its economic policies
- The rail network is being upgraded and new roads and airports are being built. these reduced travel time e.g. the daily Metro enables thousands of commuters to get to work
- In 2009 India made primary education free and compulsory. 96% of children now in role for school. having a more educated workforce helps to fuel development
How has transport been affected by globalisation in india?
- India is rail network is over 63,000 km long
- India has 12 major and 185 minus seaports and 11 international and 86 domestic airport
- Imports from India by plane or 70 times more valuable than those transported by Sea
- Mumbai has India’s largest container port
- India’s Road system has doubled from about 3 million km in 1990 to 6 million km today
How has TNCs and outsourcing been affected by globalisation in india?
An increasing number of people in India have left the traditional route old life behind to move to the city with a can earn around £5000 a year-four times on average Indian salary
The percentage of Indians GDP coming from agriculture has dropped from 31% in 1991 to 18% in 2014
Most Indian call centre employees or graduates earning £3000 a year 20% of what BT has to pay in the UK
How has globalisation impacted communications in India?
India telecommunications network is the second largest in the world
How has globalisation impacted education In India
In India school is free and compulsory for all children between the ages of 6 and 14
India has over 1.4 million schools and 36,000 higher education facilities
literacy rate has risen around 10% in 10 years
How has development caused population change in India
Birth rates in India a high. Death rate and infant mortality have fallen partly due to better health and education facilities. This has meant that India’s population is rapidly increasing.
It grew from about 870 million in 1990 to 1.3 billion in 2015.
the majority of the Population are young- about 28% or under 14
The fertility rate is starting to fall. It has decreased from 4.0 in 1990 to 2.4 in 2014 partly due to growing wealth and better education so population growth rates are gradually slowing down
As the country gets wealthier urban areas are growing because of migration and natural increase.
In 1990 only 26% of the population lived in urban areas, by 2015 this had risen to 33%.
India already has four megacities and is expected to have three more by 2030.
What are the positive impacts of economic development?
All age groups have better health:
- elderly people live longer
- there is a lower infant mortality rate
- there is a lower maternal mortality rate
Some age groups have better education:
- higher education has given young graduates access to better jobs e.g. ICT and in technical firms
- many adults have better literacy
There can be better gender equality:
- women have better access to education
- literacy rates for Indian women have increased from 34% in 1991 to 59% in 2011
What are the negative impacts of economic development?
-Rapid industrialisation means young working men may have to do dangerous jobs working conditions may also be poor due to lack of regulations put in place by Indian authorities.
As young people move to urban areas to find work there are fewer workers in rural villages. This means:
- Children in rule areas may get a poor education due to lack of skilled teachers - nearly 50% of the teachers have only completed secondary education
- children may have to work as agricultural labourers to support their families
There is still a lot of gender inequality :
- it is unsafe for women in many urban areas e.g. in Delhi crimes against women increased by 20% from 2014 to 15
- when men leave to find work in cities women are left to care and provide for the entire household balancing a job with housework
how has economic development had impacts on the environment?
Industrialisation has led to high energy consumption. Increased demand for fossil fuels in industry and homes and vehicles has meant more greenhouse gases are released .India releases almost 7% of all global greenhouse gas emissions
More factories and cars need more air-pollution.
more than 0.5 million people in India die from diseases related to air-pollution each year
Lack of infrastructure means that about 70% of India’s sewage flows and treated into rivers
How is india playing a larger role in regional and global policies?
In recent years the Indian government has improved relations with its immediate neighbours
It is a member of several international organisations
(Founding member of united nations)
How has economic growth changed indias relationship with the usa?
Usa expects economic development of india to increase trade, employment and economic growth in both countries
USA sees india as a huge market for renewable and nuclear energy because of the number of increasingly wealthy and the growth if the industry
How has economic growth changed indias relationship with the EU?
Eu is one of indias biggest markets and trading partners
Eu supports health and education programs in india to promote continued development.
What are the costs of changing international relations
Tension between india and china
Developed nations scared of losing power as india grows
