Equations

Question 1

 Hamilton’s rule

 Hardy Weinburg equation

 Genetic distance

Answer 1

– rb > c
- (r=relatedness, b=benefit to recipient, c=cost of altruism
on performer)

• p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
• =recombination frequency (RF)
  RF = (no. of recombinant progeny/total no. of progeny) x 100

Question 2

 Genetic vs environmental

 Heritability

Answer 2

– Vp (Vt) = Vg + Ve
(Vp = total phenotypic variance Vg = genetic variance
Ve = environmental variance)

• H2 (broad sense) = Vg/ Vp
• h2 (narrow sense) = Va/ Vp

(Va = additive variance)

Question 3

Genetic ratios;

Mendal monohybrid cross

Mendal dihybrid cross

Lethal alleles

Answer 3

– 3:1 dominant:recessive

– 9:3:3:1

• Not 3:1 as expected, 2:1 instead (monohybrid cross)

Question 4

Reccesive epistasis

Dominant epistasis

Answer 4

• Not 9:3:3:1 as expected, 9:4:3 instead (dihybrid cross)

- Not 9:3:3:1 as expected, 12:3:1 instead (dihybrid cross)