EQuine Surery ECC ec

Question 1

Which COX is more involved in inflammation

Answer 1

COX2

Question 2

Side effects of NSAID use in horses

Answer 2

Must sign them out the food chain
Risk of gastric ulceration via prostaglanin downregulation
Right dorsal colitis

Hepatic metabolism; risk ifcompromised
Renal papillary necrosis

Question 3

What type of opioid receptors do horses mostly have

Answer 3

Mui

Question 4

What opioids are full mui agnoists and give best analgesia

Answer 4

Morphine
MEtadone
Fentany

Question 5

What opioid receptors does butorphanol work on

Answer 5

Mui ANTAGONIST
Kappa agonist

Therefore poor analgesic
Mostly for sedation

Question 6

Why is buprenorphine rarely used and what kind of agonist is it

Answer 6

Partial mui agonist
Expensive

Question 7

What side effects can opioids give

Answer 7

Decreased GI motility
Box wlking, hyperactivity
Respiratory depression

Question 8

When might we avoid giving paracetmol

Answer 8

Severe liver issues; can causes hepatopathy

Question 9

How does paracetamol work

Answer 9

Weak inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis
Some cox 2 inhiition

Pain killer NOT anti-inflammatory

Question 10

How does ketamine work

Answer 10

Dissociative analgesia
NMDA receptor antagonism

Question 11

What extra-pyramidal effects can lidocaine cause

Answer 11

Box walking
UNcontrollable motor activity

Question 12

What type of killing does Trimethorprim sulphonadmie case

Answer 12

Time dependent

Question 13

How does TMPS work

Answer 13

Trimethoprim inhibits folate syntehsis
Sulphonamides inhbiits folic acid syntehtis

Together they are synergistic and bacteriocidal

Question 14

When would we NOT use TMPS

Answer 14

Pus
Nectoric tissue

Not concurrently with alpha 2 agonits due to seizure risk

Question 15

How does penicillin work and what ttype of killing

Answer 15

Time dependent
INhibition of cell wall synthesis

Question 16

How often do we give time dependent killing drugs

Answer 16

Twice per day

Question 17

How do aminoglycoside antibioitcs work

Answer 17

Inhibiti polypeptide syntehsis
Good for gram -ve aerobes

Question 18

What type of killing do aminoglycosides do

Answer 18

Concentratino dependent; so just give once per day

Question 19

What side effects can aminoglycosides cause

Answer 19

Neuromuscular blockage
Nephrotixicity

Question 20

What can we never do with procaine penicillin

Answer 20

Give it IV
– Causes seizures and death

Question 21

How does metronidazole work and what are some side effects

Answer 21

DNA damage and inhibition of repair
Narrow spectrum for anaermobes

Can cause anorexia due to bad taste, colitis, neuro signs, teratogenic

Question 22

What drug is good for cholangiohepatitis

Answer 22

Tetracyclines due to enterohepatic recycling

Question 23

How do tetracyclines work and how often do we give

Answer 23

Protein synthesis inhibition
Concentratino dependent killing but give bid as an exception

Question 24

How do fluoroquinolones work and what are they used for

Answer 24

Inhibition of DNA gyrase
Narrow spectrum for gram -ve aerobes e.g enteric infection

Concetration dependent killin

Question 25

How do cephalosporins work

Answer 25

Time depenent killing INhibitinon of cell wall cyntehsis

Question 26

How long do different alpha 2 agonists last

Answer 26

Xylazine 20 mins Detomidine 40 mins Romifidine 60 mins

Question 27

What is a grade 1 rectal tear

Answer 27

Disruption of mucosa and submucosa Leaves muscularis and serosa intact

Question 28

What is a grade 2 rectal tear

Answer 28

Dsiruption of muscularis Leaves others all in tact; musocal submucosa, serosa

Question 29

What is a grade IIIA rectal tear

Answer 29

Disrupted mucosa, submusoa and muscularis Only thin serosa remains

Question 30

What is a grade IIIb rectal tear

Answer 30

Disrupted mucosa, submucosa, mscularis and seroa but in the dorsal region so mesocolon remains

Question 31

What is a grade IV rectal tear

Answer 31

All layers torn; direct communication with peritoneal cavity

Question 32

What are the layers of the rectum

Answer 32

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa + dorsally have mesocolon

Question 33

Treting a grade 1 or 2 rectal tear

Answer 33

TMPS if grade 1 Doxycycling if 1 or 2 NSAIDs Faecal softeners e.g mineral oil Soaked sugar beet/soaked grass diet AVOID DRY HAY Minimise movement

Question 34

How to confirm death

Answer 34

Lack of heartbeat Lack of corneal refle Lack of respiration

Question 35

Signs of successful captive bolt

Answer 35

Collapse No rhythmic breathing Fixed glazed expression No corneal reflex Tongue hanging out Then must pith

Question 36

Where do we shoot a horse with free bullet

Answer 36

2 cm proximal to cross over of lines between ear and contralateral eye

Question 37

Which antibiotics do time dependent killing

Answer 37

Cephalosporins trimethoprim sulphonamide penicillin

Question 38

What drug is used for lethal injection

Answer 38

secobarbital sodium

Question 39

What antibiotics should never be given IV

Answer 39

Procaine penicillin DOxycycline