Equipment

Question 1

Size of army - Early

Answer 1

4000 men (40 groups of 1000 men)
- Mid 6th century BC

Question 2

Size of army - Republic

Answer 2

4 legions of 4200 men each

Question 3

4 lines of manipular army

- size of each line

Answer 3

• Velites (1200 men)
• Hastate (1200 men)
• Principes (1200 men)
• Triarii (600 men)

Question 4

Army commanded by…

Answer 4

2 consuls who commanded 2 legions each

Question 5

Change in organisation of manipular army

Answer 5

Originally based on wealth, later based on age

Question 6

Changes from Early army to Republican

Answer 6

• Looser formation
• Creation of independent sub units
• Javelins replaced spears
• Sputum replaced hoplite shield

Question 7

Velites equipment

Answer 7

• Parma
• Javelin
• Sword
• Helmet

Question 8

Hastatii, principes, triarii equipment

Answer 8

• Scutum
• Sword
• Shield
• Helmet
• Cuirass
• Greave
• 2 pila

Question 9

Unique triarii equipment

Answer 9

Hasta

Question 10

Maniples split into…

Answer 10

2 centuries of 60 men each

Question 11

Centurio primi pili

Answer 11

Senior centurion of entire legion

- Occupies back right triarii

Question 12

Size and organisation of cavalry legion

Answer 12

• Legion: 300 horses
• 10 Turnae: 30 horses each
• Each turnae led by 3 decurions

Question 13

Purpose of velites

Answer 13

• Break up enemy formations and cause chaos for hastate to capitalise on
• No officers or standards

Question 14

Largest army Rome ever maintained

Answer 14

28 legions

Question 15

Highest officer rank in Republican period

Answer 15

Tribunes

Question 16

Tribunes had to be of _____ class

Answer 16

Equestrian

Question 17

Prefect in charge of allies

Answer 17

Prefecti sociorum

Question 18

Cohors

Answer 18

Group of allied soldiers in Republican period

Question 19

3 mercenaries

Answer 19

• Cretian archers
• Balaeric slingers
• Numidian cavalry

Question 20

Virtus

Answer 20

Proving ones’ self in battle

Question 21

Disciplina

Answer 21

Ability to hold back from overly aggressive behaviour

Question 22

Marius’s changes to army

Answer 22

• 100 BC
• Removes requirement for people to own people in order to join army
• Requires State to supply equipment for new soldiers
• Velites disappears
• Maniples become cohorts (2nd century BC until Caesar)

Question 23

Standardisation of legions

Answer 23

• Legion: 10 cohorts of 480 men
• Cohort: 6 centuries of 80 men
• 4800 men
• 3 lines

Question 24

4 types of formation

Answer 24

• simplex acies
• duplex acies
• triplex acies (4, 3, 3)
• quadruplex acies

Question 25

Progression of allies

Answer 25

- Alae sociorum disappears in Empire - Allies become Roman citizens and join regular army - Increase in mercenaries

Question 26

Roman civil war

Answer 26

- Began in 49 BC when Caesar crosses Rubicon | - Ends in 30/31 BC

Question 27

Caesar's changes

Answer 27

- Size of army increases - 60 legions (not all legions were full) - Cut corners on requirements to join - Non-citizens in regular army - Many people conscripted - Doubled 125 denarii salary to 225 denarii

Question 28

Augustus changes

Answer 28

- Moves to standing army - 28 legions - Loses 3 legions in Germany - this 25 legion force becomes Western world's first standing army - Volunteer army - Created severence package

Question 29

Imperial army

Answer 29

Legion: 5000 men - 10 cohorts per legion - 6 centuries per cohort (drops to 5 centuries) - 80 men per century - Legion led by legatus augusti legionis

Question 30

Officers of legion

Answer 30

- 1 tribunes laticlavius - 5 tribunes angusticlavius - Equestrian family

Question 31

Prefect in charge of camp

Answer 31

Praefectus castrorum

Question 32

Punic War

Answer 32

264-261 BC

Question 33

4 things to know about Punic war

Answer 33

- Hate powerful neighbours - Tired of competing with Carthage for trade - Generals trying make a name for themselves - Roman citizens love luxuries and spoils form conquered territories e.g. grain from Sicily

Question 34

Types of crown

Answer 34

Corona obsidianalis - Given to general who saved the Roman army Corona civica - for saving a Roman citizen Corona navalis - man who first boarded enemy ship Corona aurea - centurion who kills enemy and holds battle Corona muralis - first to mount a wall Corona vallaris - first to get into enemy camp

Question 35

Republican service

Answer 35

- 6 consecutive campaigns - 10 reserve - no severance - 125 denarii

Question 36

Imperial

Answer 36

- 16 years service - 4 years reserve - 14*salary for 14 years

Question 37

Auxillary

Answer 37

- no severance - gained citizenship - serve 25 years