What is the key assumption of Equity Theory?
People are most satisfied when perceived contributions and benefits are balanced.
Who developed Equity Theory?
Walster et al. (1978).
How is equity different from equality?
Equity = proportional fairness.
Equality = exactly the same inputs/outputs.
What happens when a relationship is perceived as inequitable?
Distress, guilt (if overbenefitting), resentment (if underbenefitting).
What does overbenefitting lead to?
Guilt or shame.
What does underbenefitting lead to?
Anger, dissatisfaction, feeling undervalued
How does equity relate to satisfaction in long-term relationships?
High equity predicts long-term satisfaction and stability.
How do people restore equity in relationships?
Adjust inputs/outputs or alter perceptions to restore balance.
What research supports equity theory?
Utne et al. (1984): newlyweds reporting equitable relationships were more satisfied.
What individual differences affect responses to inequity?
Some are benevolent (give more), others are entitled (expect more).
How does the importance of equity change over time?
Equity is less important in early stages; over time, commitment may outweigh
perceived fairness.
AO3 - How does equity theory apply cross-culturally?
Aumer-Ryan et al. (2007): equity valued more in individualist than collectivist cultures.
AO3 - How does equity theory compare to SET?
Equity focuses on fairness; SET focuses on self-interest. Both may
oversimplify emotional bonds.
AO3 - What are limitations of equity theory?
Difficult to define/measure equity objectively; may not apply to all relationship types (e.g. family, cultural norms).
