is the science of designing and arranging the workplace, equipment, and tasks to fit the worker, optimizing comfort, and efficiency.
Workplace ergonomics
Someone who spends several hours each day working at a computer may already know that they are at risk for a host of Repetitive Stress Injuries (RSIs) related to monitor, keyboard, and mouse use.
Office Ergonomics
Some advantages of standing work
position:
(1) Reach is greater in standing than in sitting.
(2) Body weight can be used to exert forces.
(3) Standing workers require less legroom than seatedb workers.
(4) The legs are very effective at damping vibration.
(5) Lumbar disc pressures are lower back
(6) It can be maintained with little muscular activity and requires no attention.
(7) Trunk muscle power is twice as large in standing than in
semi-standing or sitting
the absence of body motion is known as static loading; and prolonged sitting–what some people are calling
a ____________?
“silent killer or “sitting disease”.
these measurements are carried out to measure parts of the human body?
Anthropometrics
‘Anthropos’ which means ________ and
‘Metron’ which means ________
human and measurement
Anthropometric measurements are carried out by?
measuring the outside area of the human body
Types of Anthropometry Measurement:
Static Anthropometry Measurement (SAM)
Dynamic Anthropometry Measurement (DAM)
is a measurement obtained by the position of a stationary measurement following the data that needs to be obtained.
Static Anthropometry Measurement (SAM)
related to the measurement of the condition and physical characteristics of a person in a state of movement or paying attention to the movements that may occur when the work is carried out.
Dynamic Anthropometry Measurement (DAM)
3 Methods of Dynamic Measurement:
- Measurement of skill level as an approach to
understanding how things are about the workings of an
activity at work and so on. - Measurement of the range of space needed at work.
- Measurement of work variability, which is based
on what activities are carried out in a person’s
work mechanism.
Anthropometry Tools to Measure
the Human Body:
Ordinary meters
Rulers
Anthropometry Kit:
Anthropometer
Sliding Caliper
Small Spreading Caliper
Large Spreading Caliper
Application of Anthropometry in
Various Fields of Science:
Anthropology
Health Science
Forensic Science
Industrial Engineering
Occupational Health and Safety
identifies potential hazards and takes measures to mitigate or eliminate them.
Working Environmental Safety
Hazard Identification Process:
- Identifying Hazard
- Assessing Risks
- Controlling Risk
- Reviewing Control Measure
encompasses a set of practices and guidelines designed to ensure the safe use, maintenance, and storage of tools and equipment in various work settings.
Tool and equipment safety
Why does tools and equipment safety matter?
Protecting the Workers
Preserving Equipment
Avoid Downtime
Compliance
Safe Handling of Tools and Equipment
- Know Your Tools:
Familiarize yourself with the tools and equipment you’ll be using. - Training Programs:
Employers should provide comprehensive training programs for employees covering safe operation, maintenance, and emergency procedures.
Maintenance and Inspection
- Regular Inspections:
Inspect tools and equipment before each use. Look for signs of wear and tear, loose parts, or damage. - Maintenance Schedules:
follow recommended maintenance schedules provided by the manufacturer. Regular servicing ensures tools remain in
top condition.
Proper Storage
- Secure Storage:
Store tools and equipment in designated areas when not in use. Ensure protected they the elements and potential theft. - Lockout/Tagout:
For equipment with energy sources (such as electrical or
hydraulic), employ lockout/tagout procedures to prevent
accidental startup during maintenance.
↘ CommonHazardousSubstances:
- Biological Agents- such as fungi, bacteria, and viruses.
- Natural Substances- such as grain, flour, or enzyme dusts.
- Substances Generated by Work- such as grain, flour, or
enzyme dusts - Chemical Products Used or Produced At Work- such as
adhesives or cleaning agents
(a) Gas– such as chlorine or carbon monoxide
(b) Liquid– such as degreasing solvent or cleaning chemicals spray or mist– such as paint and epoxy sprays and acidmists
(c) Fumes– such as welding, hot rubber, soldering galvanizing fumes
(d) Vapor– such as solvent vapor released from adhesives, paints, or inks
(e) Dust, Powder, or Paste– such as wood, cement, metal, flour, grain, rubber, or stone dust
Workplace Exposure Limits (WELs):
Ingestion
Contact with skin
Breathing in substance
Injection through a puncture in
the skin
Who is at risk?
Hairdressers- hairdressing products, can damage skin and lungs.
Healthcare- animal care, and agricultural staff through
exposure to biological agents.
Cleaners- through cleaning materials, cause localized burns and skin complaints.
Bakery workers- flour dust, irritates the eyes and nose, skin problems, and asthma.
Welders- garage and engineering workers, through paints,
solvents, oils and grease, exhausts, and other fumes.
Construction trade workers- through exposed to fumes and
dust and specific hazards such as lead and asbestos
